An addition of from 2-3 per cent. of a special mineral oil for this purpose will impart a finish to the soap and 3-5 per cent. starch added prevents the soap from cracking in the frames. Other filling material as silicate of soda, borax, talc or silex are used. After the filling material has been thoroughly crutched through the soap it is framed, and, after being several days in the frame to solidify and cool the soap is ready for slabbing, pressing and wrapping. In order to more definitely illustrate the composition of the mixture of fats and oils entering into the formation of a laundry soap a typical formula may be given for such a soap containing 40 per cent. rosin added to the amount of fats used: lbs. Grease 7,000 Tallow 4,000 Corn Oil 7,000 Cottonseed Oil 3,000 Rosin 8,400 The following have been found to be satisfactory filling materials and are calculated upon the basis of a 1,400-pound frame of soap. I. lbs. Sodium Silicate, 38deg.-40deg. B. 100 Mineral Oil 25 Sal Soda Solution, 36deg. B. 80 Borax 1 II. Sal Soda Solution, 36deg. B. 80 Mineral Oil 25 Sodium Silicate 60 III. Soda Ash 10 Sal Soda 55 Sodium Silicate 115 Mineral Oil 40 Brine (Saturated Solution) 10 Sodium Silicate, 38deg.-40deg. B. 100 IV. Sodium Silicate 100 Silex or Talc 200 Soda Ash 50 V. Sal Soda Solution, 36deg. B. 90 Sodium Silicate 50-60 Mineral Oil 25 Borax Solution, 25deg. B. (hot) 15 CHIP SOAP. Chip soap is used extensively in laundries but is also used largely in other branches. It may be made either as a settled soap or by the cold made process. To make a full boiled settled chip soap, proceed as directed under settled laundry soap. The kettle is stocked with light grease or a mixture of grease with corn oil or other cheap oils. For this kind of soap the rosin is eliminated. Chip soap may be filled as well as laundry soap. This is done in the crutcher and the following adulterations are suitable.