[Footnote 43: Cicero (_Leg. Agr._ ii. 35. 96) describes Rome as being (in comparison with Capua) "in montibus positam et convallibus, coenaculis (i.e. upper rooms) sublatum atque suspensam, non optimis viis," etc. Vitruv. ii. 17 is the _locus classicus_.] [Footnote 44: Cic. _pro Caelio_ 17.] [Footnote 45: In _C.I.L._ vi. 65-67 we find a Bona Dea erected "in tutelam insulae," i.e. a common cult for all the lodgers. De Marchi _l.c._ compares the common shrine of the Neapolitan lodging-house. Tutela is mentioned as a protecting deity both of insulae and domus by St. Jerome, _Com. in Isaiam_, 672.] [Footnote 46: Cic. _de Domo_ 109.] [Footnote 47: Cic. _ad Att._ xv. 17; cp. xiv. 9.] [Footnote 48: Plut. _Crassus_ 2: perhaps from Fenestella.] [Footnote 49: "Dormientem in taberna," Asconius, ed. Clark, p. 37. Cp. Tacitus, _Hist_ i. 86, for persons sleeping in tabernae.] [Footnote 50: Tucker, _Life in Ancient Athens_, p. 10.] [Footnote 51: The _Moretum_ may be a translation from a Greek poet, perhaps Parthenius, but it is certainly as well adapted to the experience of Italians.] [Footnote 52: e.g. Caesar, _Bell. Civ._ iii. 47. Cp. Tacitus, _Ann_. xiv. 24.] [Footnote 53: On this point see Salvioli, _Le Capitalisme dans le monde antique_, ch. vi. is a book with many shortcomings, but written by an Italian who knows his own country.] [Footnote 54: See the author's _Roman Festivals_, p. 76 (Cerealia).] [Footnote 55: Marquardt, _Staatsverwaltung_, ii. pp. 107, 110 foll. A modius, which = nearly a peck, contained about 20 lb. of wheat (Pliny, _N.H._ xviii. 66). Four and a half modii x 20=90 lb.] [Footnote 56: Hirschfeld, _Verwaltungsbeamten_, ed. 2, p. 231; Strabo, p. 652 (Rhodes).] [Footnote 57: Caesar, _B.C._ iii. 42. 3.] [Footnote 58: Marquardt, _op. cit._ p. 110.] [Footnote 59: For Gracchus' motives see a paper by the present writer in the _English Historical Review_ for 1905, p. 221 foll.] [Footnote 60: Cic. _Tusc. Disp._ iii. 20. 48.] [Footnote 61: Lex Julia municipalis, 1-20, compared with Suetonius, _Jul_. 41.] [Footnote 62: A good example will be found in Cic. _ad Att._ iv. 1. 6 foll.; the first letter written by Cicero after his return from exile.] [Footnote 63: See my _Roman Festivals_, pp. 85 and 204.] [Footnote 64: Pliny, _Nat. Hist_. xviii. 17.] [Footnote 65: Suet. _Aug_. 42.] [Footnote 66: Frontinus i. 4. The date of his work is towards the end of the first century A.D.] [Footnote 67: See Lanciani, _Ruins and Excavations_, p. 48; Mommsen, _Hist_. vol. i. Appendix.] [Footnote 68: Frontinus i. 7, whose account is confirmed by the recently discovered Epitomes of Livy's lost books.--Grenfell and Hunt, _Oxyrhynchus Papyri_, iv. 113.] [Footnote 69: See the useful table in Lanciani, _op. cit._ 58.] [Footnote 70: This dates from the reign of Domitian. The nature of the public fountain may be realised at Pompeii. See Mau, _Pompeii, its Life and Art_, p. 224 foll.] [Footnote 71: Cic. _de Officiis_, i. 42. 150.]