CHAP. Page I. INTRODUCTION 1 II. MEN WHO LIVED IN CAVES AND PITS 3 III. THE PIT-DWELLERS 6 IV. EARTHWORKS, MOUNDS, BARROWS, &C. 11 V. IN ROMAN TIMES 15 VI. EARLY SAXON TIMES 19 VII. EARLY SAXON VILLAGES 22 VIII. ANGLO-SAXON TUNS AND VILLS 26 IX. TYTHINGS AND HUNDREDS--SHIRES 29 X. THE EARLY ENGLISH TOWN 33 XI. IN EARLY CHRISTIAN TIMES 35 XII. MONASTERIES 37 XIII. TOWNS AND VILLAGES IN THE TIME OF CNUT THE DANE 41 XIV. CHURCHES AND MONASTERIES IN DANISH AND LATER SAXON TIMES 46 XV. LATER SAXON TIMES 50 XVI. IN NORMAN TIMES 52 XVII. IN NORMAN TIMES (_continued_) 54 XVIII. IN NORMAN TIMES: THE CHURCHES 56 XIX. CASTLES 58 XX. CASTLES AND TOWNS 61 XXI. IN NORMAN TIMES: THE MONASTERIES 64 XXII. EARLY HOUSES 69 XXIII. EARLY HOUSES (_continued_) 72 XXIV. EARLY TOWN HOUSES 75 XXV. LIFE IN THE TOWNS OF THE MIDDLE AGES 79 XXVI. THE GROWING POWER OF THE TOWNS 85 XXVII. THE VILLAGES, MANORS, PARISHES, AND PARKS 89 XXVIII. TRACES OF EARLY TIMES IN THE CHURCHES 93 XXIX. TRACES OF EARLY TIMES IN THE CHURCHES (_continued_) 97 XXX. CLERKS 100 XXXI. FAIRS 104 XXXII. MARKETS 108 XXXIII. SCHOOLS 113 XXXIV. UNIVERSITIES 118 XXXV. CHANGES BROUGHT ABOUT BY THE BLACK DEATH 122 XXXVI. WOOL 125 XXXVII. THE POOR 127 XXXVIII. CHANGES IN HOUSES AND HOUSE-BUILDING 131 XXXIX. THE RUINS OF THE MONASTERIES AND THE NEW BUILDINGS 135 XL. THE NEW HOUSE OF THE TIME OF QUEEN ELIZABETH 139