An impersonal form, I should say, is one whose life history is not
identified with that of particular persons. A myth, for example, has a
history of its own which you would never discover in the biography of
individuals, and although it exists in the minds of men it cannot be
seen intelligibly except by regarding it as a distinct whole for which
human thought is only a medium. When an American Indian, let us say,
repeated with unconscious variations the story of Hiawatha, he did not
know he was participating in the growth of a myth; that was taking place
in and through him but quite apart from his personal consciousness. The
same is true of the growth of language. We know that the speech of any
people has a vital unity, offering to the philologist a world of
interesting structures and relations of which those who use the language
and contribute to its growth are as unaware as they are of the
physiology of their bodies. The difference between personal and
impersonal organisms, then, is above all practical, resting upon the
fact that many forms of life are not identified with personality and
cannot be understood, can hardly be seen at all, by one who will
interest himself only in persons. They exist in the human mind, but to
perceive them you must study this from an impersonal standpoint.
Observe the practical value, if we hope to do away with war, of
perceiving that the chief opponent of peace is something far more than
any one group of men, like the Prussian aristocracy, namely militarism,
an international organism existing everywhere in the form of aggressive
ideals, traditions, and anticipations. If we can learn to see this, and
see how we ourselves, perhaps, are contributing to it by our ignorance
of foreign nations and our lack of generous ideals for our own, we are
in a position to oppose it effectually.
We live, in fact, in the very midst of a rank growth of social
structures of which, since they are impersonal and do not appeal to our
interest in personality, we are mainly unaware. We can see that such a
growth has taken place in the past, and there is no reason to suppose
that it has ceased. The development of religious institutions during the
past thirty years has involved gradual changes in belief about such
matters as immortality, salvation, and the relation of God to man, of
which we have not been aware because they have not been the work of
definite thought and discussion, for the most part, but have been borne
in upon us by the mental currents of the time. We do not even now know
precisely what they are; but they are real and momentous, and it is of
such changes that the development of institutions chiefly consists.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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