Conclusions reached both in economic analysis and in sociological analysis point to values which correspond to no individual values, great social forces of motivation--To individual, economic, legal, and moral values appear as external forces, over which his control is limited, and to which he must adapt his individual behavior--Economic theory, often unconsciously, has assumed objectively valid, quantitative value, and economic theory valid only on the basis of such a concept: value the homogeneous element among the diversities of physical forms of goods, by virtue of which ratios, sums, and percentages may be obtained among them, and comparisons made--Process of "imputation" assumes such a value concept--Value used by economists to explain motivation of economic activity--Such a value concept essential for the theory of money--Implied in the term, "purchasing power"--Such a concept has never been justified, but economists, more concerned about practical results than logical consistency, have found it essential, and used it--Impossible to develop a social quantity by synthesis of abstract individual elements--Correct procedure the reverse of this 115 CHAPTER XII SOCIAL VALUE: THE THEORIES OF URBAN AND TARDE Neither Urban nor Tarde primarily concerned with economic value--Urban's important contributions--Insists on conscious feeling as essential for social value--But feeling may vary in intensity without affecting the power in motivation of the value--Feeling significant when values are to be compared--Social weight of those who feel a value a highly significant phase which Urban ignores--Tarde recognizes this phase, but errs in treating it as an abstract element, which obeys the laws of simple arithmetic 124 CHAPTER XIII ECONOMIC SOCIAL VALUE How get out of Austrian circle?--Temporal _regressus_ _vs._ logical analysis of the concrete whole of the Social Mind--Even in Wieser's "natural" community, psychic elements other than "marginal utility" significant for the determination of economic values, especially legal and moral values concerned with distribution--Quotation from Mill--Critique of "pure economic" theories of distribution--They presuppose as a "framework" a set of legal and moral values which, in modern times, especially, are little more stable than "pure economic" forces, and which, in any case, are of same nature as economic forces,--fluid, psychic forces--"Pure economic" forces, working in _vacuo_, would lead to anarchy; any concrete economic tendency depends on legal and moral forces quite as much as on "pure economic" forces--Illustrations 132 CHAPTER XIV ECONOMIC SOCIAL VALUE (_continued_)