Dugout canoes of the Indians were among the first ferries used in Virginia and when more space was needed, two canoes were lashed together and secured by means of heavy cross pieces. In the _Journal_ of Thomas Chalkley, a traveller in Virginia, he tells of a ferry crossing made at Yorktown in 1703: "We put our horses into two canoes tied together, and our horses stood with their fore feet in one and their hind feet in the other." Later, flatboats, scows, barges, and more carefully planked boats were put into use. Rope ferries were necessary wherever the current was swift, but used as little as possible on navigable rivers because of the obstruction to navigation. The number of ferries in the colony increased steadily from year to year. At nearly every session of the General Assembly some law was enacted "for the good regulation of ferries." In 1705, the Assembly published a list of ferries with corresponding rates of ferriage that crossed the James, York, and Rappahannock Rivers and their branches. The ferries but not the rates are given herewith as follows: Ferries on JAMES RIVER and branches thereof-- Henrico county at Varina. Bermuda hundred to City Point. Charles City county at Westover. Appomattox river near Col. Byrd's store. Prince George County at Coggan's point, and Maycocks. Powhatan town to the Swineherd landing. Surry county, Hog island to Archer's Hope. Sicamore landing by Windmill point to the widow Jones's landing at Wyanoke. Mouth of the Upper Chipoake's creek over to the Row, or Martin's Brandon. Swan's point to James Town. Crouche's creek to James Town. James City county at James Town to Swan's point. James Town to Crouche's creek. Williamsburg, Princess Ann port to Hog island. Chickahominy, at usual place on each side of river. John Goddale's to Williams's neck, or Drummond's neck. Nansemond county, Coiefield's point to Robert Peale's near Sleepy hole. Elizabeth City county at Hampton Town from Town point to Brookes's point. Hampton Town to Sewell's point. Norfolk town to Sawyer's point or Lovet's plantation. Ferries on YORK RIVER and branches-- New Kent county, Robert Peaseley's to Philip Williams's. Brick House to West point. Brick House to Graves's. King William county, Spencer's over to the usual landing place. Thomas Cranshaw to the usual landing place. Philip Williams's to Peaseley's point. West point to Brick House. Abbot's landing over Mattaponi river. West Point to Graves's. York Town to Tindal's point (Gloucester Point). This ferry was in continual operation until 1952 when a fine new bridge was opened for travel across the York. The ferriage in 1705 was seven pence half penny for a man, fifteen pence for man and horse. Queen Mary's port at Williamsburg to Claybank creek in Gloucester county.