Some old masters of Greek architectureDouglas, Harry
History
Some old masters of Greek architecture
Douglas, Harry
Architecture -- Greece; Architecture, Greek
Speaking of the circuit wall at Tiryus, Pausanias describes it as
being “composed of unwrought stones, each of which is so large that a
team of mules cannot even shake the smallest one;” and of Mycenæ, the
more important city, a short distance from Tiryus, where the circular
treasury of Atreus and other evidences of Cyclopean architecture have
been excavated by Dr. Henry Schliemann, Euripides asks the question:
“Do you call the city of Perseus the handiwork of the Cyclopes?”
Modern archæologists are inclined to the opinion that the Cyclopean
builders were not, as originally supposed, the one-eyed giants whom
Ulysses encountered in his voyages, as related in the Homeric legends,
but an entirely distinct Thracian tribe, which derived its name from
king Cyclops. After being expelled from Thrace, where were their early
homes, they migrated to Crete and Lycia; thence following the fortunes
of Prœtus, and giving him protection with the gigantic walls which
they constructed as against Acrisius, his twin brother, who was very
quarrelsome, as twin brothers not often are.
These Cyclopean walls, which are still to be found throughout Greece,
as already stated, and also in some parts of Italy, were made of
huge, uncut polygonous stones, sometimes twenty or thirty feet wide,
piled upon each other without cement, frequently irregularly, with
smaller stones filling up the interstices, but occasionally in regular
horizontal rows. There were, in fact, not only several kinds of these
walls, but several eras in which they were built as well.
It is not, however, the intention here to discuss the nature and extent
of the Pelasgic and Cyclopean constructions, it being sufficient to
recall the fact that so far as the Pelasgians generally are concerned,
they were not only the progenitors of most of the early architectural
monuments of eastern Europe, but were skilled in the arts and learned
in the fables of the gods as well, bequeathing both religious rites and
many arts to their children, the Greeks. It remains only to add, also,
that so closely were they identified with the art of building that it
is believed their very name is derived from their leading pursuit,
for it is thought that the term Pelasgi may be interpreted to mean
“stone-builders” or “stone-workers.”
In this allusion to the Pelasgians as builders, it was stated at the
outset that the names of the individual architects among them are
not known; this was perhaps unfair to Æacus, if he can be ranked as
an architect, and who is classed as a Pelasgian, although of divine
parentage.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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