Some old masters of Greek architecture — John Shaqi
Some old masters of Greek architectureDouglas, Harry
History
Some old masters of Greek architecture
Douglas, Harry
Architecture -- Greece; Architecture, Greek
Peonius, we are told, was an Ephesian, but as to even the nativity
of the other two architects we are in the dark, although Daphnis is
supposed to have been a Miletian. There is also some little uncertainty
as to the exact date when they exercised their profession, but it is
probably safe to say that it was sometime within the first half of the
fourth century before Christ.
Two columns of the great temple to Apollo have stood proudly against
the attacks of time, and although scarred by their long battles, are
yet evidencing the glories of a structure of which they were once but
an insignificant part.
In the year 555 B.C. there lived four architects, to whose skill was
entrusted the building of a temple that should be in all respects
worthy to stand for the respect due the dignity, power and extreme
longevity of the great Olympian Zeus—the king-god of the Greeks.
The foundation for this shrine was laid in the time of Pisistratus,
a tyrant of Athens, who contributed several architectural works to
that city, but whose several banishments greatly interrupted their
building. This was particularly the case with the great temple to Zeus.
However, it was sufficiently advanced for Pisistratus to dedicate
it before he fell from power. It has been stated that it was due to
the genuine dislike which the Athenians felt for Pisistratus and his
sons, who succeeded him, that four hundred years were allowed to flow
by before the temple was finished. This is hardly just to a ruler of
great loyalty to his native city, and of unquestioned integrity in the
discharge of his public duties. It is more probable that the delay
was due to the animosity of the rival Athenian family of Alcmæonidæ,
who, piqued by jealousy, fanned a flame of opposition to the works of
Pisistratus that continued for several centuries.
Antistates, Antimachides, Calleschros and Porinus were the four
architects engaged by Pisistratus, who, like their professional
brothers employed on the temples of Diana, Apollo and Ceres, were,
according to Vitruvius, entitled to immortality for the grandeur of
their works, but about whom there is no other information to be given.
This temple to Jupiter was not built upon the Acropolis at Athens, like
that to the patron goddess of the city, Minerva, but upon a raised
peribolos within the city below, and on the site of an earlier temple
to the same god, erected in the time of Deucalion, but which had
perished from the ravages of ages.
It was like most of the early Doric temples, of peripteral
construction, or surrounded by columns on all four sides. Aristotle,
who saw it before it was finished, was so much impressed by its size
that he compared it to the Pyramids; and one of his scholars remarked
that “though unfinished, it called forth astonishment, and when
finished would be unexcelled.”
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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