Some religious and moral teachings of Al-Ghazzali : $b Being brief extracts from his Ihya-u-Ulum-id-dinGhazzali
Islamic
Some religious and moral teachings of Al-Ghazzali : $b Being brief extracts from his Ihya-u-Ulum-id-din
Ghazzali
Islamic ethics -- Early works to 1800
Whether my monarch
be a just ruler or a tyrant, I must obey him. On my oath, as long as
the king hesitates or ponders over the matter I stand quiet, ready to
serve, but the moment his order is passed my sense of obedience which is
innate forces me to stir up vitality. So, you should not blame me. Go
to knowledge and get information there”. “You are right,” consented the
devotee, and proceeding, asked mind and its ambassador, knowledge and
reason, for an explanation. Reason excused himself by saying he was a
lamp only, but knew not who had lighted it. Mind pleaded his innocence
by calling himself a mere _tabula rasa_. Knowledge maintained that it was
simply an inscription on the _tabula rasa_, inscribed after the lamp of
reason had been lighted. Thus he could not be considered the author of
the inscription which may have been the work of some invisible pen. The
devotee was puzzled by the reply, but collecting himself, he spoke thus
to knowledge: “I am wandering in the path of my enquiry. To whomsoever
I go and ask the reason I am referred to another. Nevertheless, there
is pleasure in my quest, for I find that everyone gives me a plausible
reason. But pardon me, Sir if I say that your reply, knowledge, fails to
satisfy me. You say that you are a mere inscription recorded by a pen. I
have seen pen, ink, and tablet. They are of reed, a black mixture, and of
wood and iron, respectively. And I have seen lamps lighted with fire. But
here I do not see any of these things, and yet you talk of the tablet,
the lamp, the pen and the inscription. Surely you are not trifling with
me?” “Certainly not”, returned knowledge, “I spoke in right earnest. But
I see your difficulty. Your means are scanty, your horse is jaded, and
your journey is long and dangerous. Give up this enterprise, as I fear
you cannot succeed. If, however you are prepared to run the risk, then
listen. Your journey extends through three regions. The first is the
terrestrial world. Its objects pen, ink, paper, hand etc. are just what
you have seen them to be. The second is the celestial world, which will
begin when you have left me behind. There you will come across dense
forests, deep wide rivers and high impassable mountains and I know not
how you would be able to proceed. Between these two worlds there is a
third intermediary region called the phenomenal world. You have crossed
three stages of it, vitality, will, and knowledge. To use a simile: a man
who is walking is treading the terrestrial world: if he is sailing in a
boat he enters the phenomenal world: if he leaves the boat and swims and
walks on the waters, he is admitted in the celestial world. If you do
not know how to swim, go back. For, the watery region of the celestial
world begins now when you can see that pen inscribing on the tablet of
the heart. If you are not of whom it was said: ‘O ye of little faith,
wherefore didst thou doubt?’[30] prepare thyself. For, by faith you shall
not simply walk on the sea but fly in the air”.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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