Some Salient Points in the Science of the Earth — John Shaqi
Some Salient Points in the Science of the EarthDawson, John William, Sir
Science
Some Salient Points in the Science of the Earth
Dawson, John William, Sir
Geology; Paleontology
Geological reading, especially when of a strictly uniformitarian
character and in warm weather, sometimes becomes monotonous; and I
confess to a feeling of drowsiness creeping over me when preparing
material for a presidential address to the American Association for the
Advancement of Science in August, 1883. In these circumstances I became
aware of the presence of an unearthly visitor, who announced himself
as of celestial birth, and intimated to me that being himself free
from those restrictions of space and time which are so embarrassing
to earthly students, he was prepared for the moment to share these
advantages with me, and to introduce me to certain outlying parts of
the universe, where I might learn something of its origin and early
history. He took my hand, and instantly we were in the voids of space.
Turning after a moment, he pointed to a small star and said, "That is
the star you call the sun; here, you see, it is only about the third
magnitude, and in a few seconds it will disappear." These few seconds,
indeed, reduced the whole visible firmament to a mere nebulous haze
like the Milky Way, and we seemed to be in blank space. But pausing for
a moment I became aware that around us were multitudes of dark bodies,
so black that they were, so to speak, negatively visible, even in the
almost total darkness around. Some seemed large and massive, some a
mere drift of minute particles, formless and without distinct limits.
Some were swiftly moving, others stationary, or merely revolving on
their own axes. It was a "horror of great darkness," and I trembled
with fear. "This," said my guide, "is what the old Hebrew seer called
_tohu ve bohu_, 'formless and void,' the 'Tiamat' or abyss of the
old Chaldeans, the 'chaos and old night' of the Greeks. Your mundane
physicists have not seen it, but they speculate regarding it, and
occupy themselves with questions as to whether it can be lightened
and vivified by mere attractive force, or by collision of dark bodies
impinging on each other with vast momentum. Their speculations are
vain, and lead to nothing, because they have no data wherefrom to
calculate the infinite and eternal Power who determined either the
attraction or the motion, or who willed which portion of this chaos was
to become cosmos, and which was to remain for ever dead and dark. Let
us turn, however, to a more hopeful prospect." We sped away to another
scene. Here were vast luminous bodies, such as we call nebulæ. Some
were globular, others disc-like, others annular or like spiral wisps,
and some were composed of several concentric shells or rings. All were
in rapid rotation, and presented a glorious and brilliant spectacle.
"This," said my guide, "is matter of the same kind with that we have
just been considering; but it has been set in active motion. The fiat
'Let there be light!' has been issued to it. Nor is its motion in
vain. Each of these nebulous masses is the material of a system of
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