SOMETHING ABOUT SUGAR [Illustration: _Refined Sugar Showing Form of Crystals_] SOMETHING ABOUT SUGAR ITS HISTORY GROWTH, MANUFACTURE AND DISTRIBUTION BY GEORGE M. ROLPH [Illustration] _Sugar is nothing more nor less than concentrated sunshine_ SAN FRANCISCO JOHN J. NEWBEGIN PUBLISHER 1917 COPYRIGHT, 1917, BY GEORGE M. ROLPH PRINTED BY TAYLOR & TAYLOR, SAN FRANCISCO DEDICATION: TO R. P. RITHET FOREWORD _The purpose of this book is to tell in simple language “Something About Sugar.” It gives a brief history of the commodity and its production in different parts of the world, and seeks to show, for the information, especially, of the layman and the pupil in school, the various steps by which sugar from cane and beets is prepared for the consumer._ G. M. R. CONTENTS PAGE PART I _Growth, Manufacture and Distribution_ WHAT SUGAR IS 3 THE GROWING OF SUGAR CANE 6 SOIL ANALYSIS 8 ENTOMOLOGY 8 PATHOLOGY 9 THE MANUFACTURE OF RAW SUGAR 22 EXTRACTION 22 PURIFICATION 25 EVAPORATION 28 CONCENTRATION AND CRYSTALLIZATION 31 PREPARATION OF CRYSTALS FOR THE MARKET 33 TRANSPORTATION AND DELIVERY OF RAW SUGAR 37 POLARIZATION 39