Early Church Councils 188 Roman and Mazarabic liturgy _ib._ Inquisition _ib._ Philip II., the Jesuits, and the Reformation 189 Expulsion of the Jesuits 191 Concordat of 1851 _ib._ Archbishops, bishops, and clergy _ib._ Mode of appointment of bishops 192 Spanish Protestants _ib._ CHAPTER VIII. LITERATURE AND THE ARTS. Praehistoric art and architecture 194 Roman and Visigothic _ib._ Arabic 195 Three periods of 196 Mudejar 201 Christian _ib._ Renaissance 202 Churrigueresque 203 Domestic architecture _ib._ Church furniture and minor arts 204 _Painting._ Characteristics of Spanish painting 205 Local schools 206 Murillo 208 Painters of Valencian school 209 " " Castilian " _ib._ " " Andalusian " _ib._ Modern painters 210 Industrial arts, goldsmith's work, iron, porcelain, glass, wood, lace 212 Music _ib._ _Literature._