Early Romances 213 " Prose works 214 La Celistina and the _picaresque_ novels 215 Drama and _Autors_ 216 Lope de Vega _ib._ Calderon de la Barca 217 Cervantes _ib._ Quevedo 219 Historical writings 220 Poetry _ib._ Mystic writers 222 Classical and romantic schools _ib._ Modern writers: Poets--Espronceda, Zorilla, Becquer, &c. 224 Novelists--Fernan Caballero, J. Valera, &c. _ib._ Dramatists--Hartzenbusch, Breton de los Herreros, &c. 225 Nunez de Arce 226 Historians--Conde Gayangos, De la Fuente, &c. _ib._ Geographers--Fernandez Guerra, Coello, Bowles _ib._ Geologists--Macpherson, &c. _ib._ Economists--Cardenas, Colmeiro, De Azcarate 227 Theologians--Balmes, Donoso Cortez, C. Gonzalez, &c. _ib._ Philologists--F. Fita, &c. _ib._ Orators 228 Provincial literature 229 CHAPTER IX. EPILOGUE. Spain not a worn-out country 231 Two hindrances to development _ib._ Protection and free trade 233 Cruelty and charities of Spain 234 Appendix I.--Census of Provinces 237 " II.--Chief historical events 239 " III.--Chief books used 241 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. PAGE Caballeros 86 Dominique, the Espada 88 Gipsies at Granada 90 Leaning Tower of Saragossa 98 General View of Granada, with the Alhambra 110 Alhambra Tower by Moonlight 114 Fountain of the Four Seasons, Madrid 130 Port of Cadiz 153 Vespers 190 Giralda of Seville 197 Moorish Ornamentation 199 [Illustration: PHYSICAL MAP of SPAIN Edwd Weller London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle, & Rivington.] SPAIN. CHAPTER I. THE GEOGRAPHY OF SPAIN.