The preface to the Buenos Aires edition of Pedro Lozano’s _Historia de las revoluciones de la provincia del Paraguay_ affirms that Lozano translated this work from the Italian original, by Padre Bandier, which appears under the name of Padre Patricio Fernández. A mild controversy has arisen about the authorship of this book, into which it is not necessary to enter. The latest utterance observed takes issue with Lozano, and supports the claim of Fernández. [Sidenote: Matías de Anglés] [Sidenote: Anglés’ _Informe_] The report made by General Matías de Anglés y Gortari, commissioned by Viceroy Castel-Fuerte to inquire into the causes of the conflict between the Paraguay comuneros and the misiones, is a document of considerable importance for the history of the Jesuit missions in Paraguay and the rebellion led by Antequera. After the rebellion had run a certain course, and Antequera had been imprisoned in Lima, Anglés, who was the corregidor of Potosí, visited Asunción and undertook, in the capacity of judge, by personal investigation to gather information needed to fix the responsibility for the state of war that had existed in the province. He entered upon his inquiry with a mind measurably free from any partisan bias; he had never visited Paraguay before; he had no acquaintances among the inhabitants; and carried only a note of introduction from the viceroy to Bishop José de Palos. This introduction, on account of the Bishop’s partisanship, made it difficult for Anglés to maintain his proposed impartiality. But observing the evident partisan character of some of the evidence presented, he sought to correct it by testimony from other sources. Whether he was entirely successful or not in reaching an impartial conclusion, the _Informe_ remains a valuable contemporary view of a serious provincial war. It was completed at Potosí, in May, 1731, after the author’s return from Paraguay. Thirty-eight years later, in 1769, it was published in Madrid. CHAPTER XIV SOME ECCLESIASTICS AND THEIR RELIGIOUS BOOKS I. _Bishop Lizárraga._ II. _Bishop Luis Jerónimo de Oré._ III. _Bishop Gaspar de Villarroel._ IV. _Minor religious writers._ I [Sidenote: Church as patron of learning] [Sidenote: Bishop Lizárraga]