Two especially prominent writers among the ecclesiastics of the first half of the seventeenth century were Luis Jerónimo de Oré and Gaspar de Villarroel. Oré was the successor of bishop Lizárraga in the diocese of Imperial. During the first period of his active life he was a zealous missionary among the Indians; later he was in Spain and Italy, where he appears as a writer; and this activity was followed by a period of devotion to his duties as bishop of Imperial. He was born in Guamanga, Peru, in 1554, and was the third of the four sons of Antonio de Oré, who, besides these sons, was blessed with three daughters. He entered the order of the Franciscans at Lima, and here won distinction through his studies. His work called _Símbolo católico indiano_ was published at Lima in 1598. It contains the matter of two distinct books, the first treating of the mysteries of the Catholic faith, “a philosophico-theological treatise on God and his attributes,” in a word, “the dogmas of the Catholic church;” the second being a description of the New World and its native inhabitants. Like certain later writers Oré would have the name of the continent derived from Columbus instead of from Amerigo Vespucci. [Sidenote: _Relación de los mártires_] [Sidenote: _Rituale seu manuale peruanum_] Shortly after publishing his _Símbolo católico indiano_ Oré went to Spain, and in 1604 published, in quarto, _Relación de los mártires que ha habido en la Florida_.[175] From Spain he passed to Italy, and in Rome published a treatise on Indulgences, written in Latin. Three years later, in Naples, was issued his _Rituale seu manuale peruanum_[176] which contains the prayers and forms of the Roman ritual in Latin and in Spanish, together with translations into Quichua, Aymará, and other Indian languages. It was designed to govern the priests and missionaries to the Indians in the administration of the sacraments, and to guide them in giving instruction in Christian doctrine. On account of its translation of the Roman ritual into the Indian languages of South America, this work is of special importance for the study of these languages. [Sidenote: Garcilaso to Oré]