The opposition to various provisions of the Spanish government, which found expression in revolts and rebellions in the eighteenth century, occasionally appeared also in writings of that time. The pamphlet called _Concordia en discordia_, by Alonso de la Cueva Ponce de León, was a document of this class. It criticized prevailing doctrines, attacked the royal prerogatives, and argued against many of the recognized rights of the crown. The author was a native of Lima, became an ecclesiastic, was appointed vicar-general of the bishopric of Panama, was attorney for the Inquisition of Cartagena, and became the historian of the archbishopric of Peru. His criticism of political affairs aroused hostility and, in consequence of this, as one writer has expressed it, he was “pulverizado” by the distinguished jurist Pedro José Bravo de Lagunas y Castilla, who, about the middle of the eighteenth century was a judge of the audiencia of Lima, and in 1761 published in that city a number of pamphlets under the general title of _Colección legal_.[213] III [Sidenote: José María Gruesso] [Sidenote: Gruesso’s _Las noches de Geussor_] Besides the group of political reformers associated with Nariño there was a society of young men of letters who formed a literary union called “Eutropélica.” At the head of this company stood Manuel S. Rodríguez. Among the other members were José María Valdés, Francisco Antonio Rodríguez and José María Gruesso. As a young man Gruesso prepared himself for the practice of law. He had finished his legal studies, when the sudden death of the young woman whom he was about to marry caused him to change completely his plan of life. Under the influence of this shock he turned from the legal profession to the Church. He entered the college of San Bartolomé, and began at once his ecclesiastical studies. Two years later he returned to Popayán as a priest, and lived there, it is said, “triste hasta la muerte.” During this period, and while in this state of mind, he wrote _Las noches de Geussor_ in imitation of Young’s _Night Thoughts_. The plan of this work provided for thirty cantos, or nights, but whatever may have been the number written, only three have been preserved. These are entitled _La soledad_, _La noche_, and _El remordimiento_. [Sidenote: Buen Gusto] [Sidenote: José Fernández de Madrid]