CHAPTER XV GOVERNMENT AND LAW I. Melchor Calderón; Francisco Falcón; Francisco Carrasco del Saz. II. Nicolás Polanco de Santillana; Juan Matienzo; Juan de Solórzano Pereira; Gaspar de Escalona y Agüero. III. The brothers Antonio, Diego, and Juan de León Pinelo; Juan del Corral Calvo de la Torre. IV. Jorge Escobedo y Alarcón; José Rezabal y Ugarte. V. Alonso de la Peña Montenegro. Page 460 CHAPTER XVI LATE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY HISTORIANS I. José Eusebio Llano y Zapata. II. Miguel de Olivares; Pedro de Córdoba y Figueroa. III. José Pérez García; Vicente Carvallo y Goyeneche. IV. Geographical Description; Molina and Vidaurre. V. Dionisio and Antonio Alcedo; Zamacola; Segurola; Martínez y Vela. VI. Concolorcorvo. Page 491 CHAPTER XVII OUTLOOK TOWARDS EMANCIPATION I. The intellectual movement after the expulsion of the Jesuits. II. Political Reformers. III. Poets. IV. Literary periodicals: _Mercurio Peruano_, _Gaceta de Lima_. V. Contributors to _Mercurio Peruano_. VI. _El Telégrafo Mercantil._ VII. Tadeo Haenke. VIII. El Volador. Page 531 APPENDIX A Catalogue, under Authors’ Names, of the Books mentioned in the text. Page 585 GENERAL INDEX Page 651 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ALONSO DE ERCILLA Y ZÚÑIGA _Frontispiece_ A MAP OF SOUTH AMERICA _Page xx_ _Facing page_ PAGE FROM FIRST BOOK TO BE PRINTED IN SOUTH AMERICA 6 BLASCO NÚÑEZ DE VELA 11 MANUEL OMMS DE SANTA PAU, MARQUÉS DE CASTELDOSRÍUS 16 BARTOLOMÉ DE LAS CASAS 33 TITLE PAGE OF “SUMA DE GEOGRAFÍA” 54 FRANCISCO PIZARRO 59 PAGE FROM MS. OF SARMIENTO DE GAMBOA’S “HISTORIA GENERAL” 129 FRANCISCO DE TOLEDO 144 PEDRO DE VALDIVIA 147 JERÓNIMO DE ALDERETE 151 FRANCISCO DE VILLAGRA 154 TITLE PAGE OF THE FIRST EDITION OF “LA ARAUCANA” 158 PAGE FROM THE FIRST EDITION OF “LA ARAUCANA” 165 STATUE OF CAUPOLICÁN 172