Produced by Riikka Talonpoika, Pilar Somoza and The Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net [Transcriber's note: Spelling mistakes have been left in the text to match the original, except for a few obvious typos.] OUR EUROPEAN NEIGHBOURS _French Life_ _German Life_ _Russian Life_ _Dutch Life_ _Swiss Life_ _Spanish Life_ _Italian Life_ _Danish Life_ _Austro-Hungarian Life_ _Turkish Life_ _Belgian Life_ _Swedish Life_ OUR EUROPEAN NEIGHBOURS EDITED BY WILLIAM HARBUTT DAWSON SPANISH LIFE IN TOWN AND COUNTRY [Illustration: "IN CHURCH." SHOWING THE MANTILLA AND VELO] SPANISH LIFE IN TOWN AND COUNTRY BY L. HIGGIN WITH CHAPTERS ON PORTUGUESE LIFE IN TOWN AND COUNTRY, BY EUGÈNE E. STREET * * * * * ILLUSTRATED G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS NEW YORK AND LONDON The Knickerbocker Press 1904 COPYRIGHT, 1902 BY G.P. PUTNAM'S SONS Published, May, 1902 Reprinted, February, 1903 May, 1904; September, 1904 The Knickerbocker Press, New York NOTE BY THE EDITOR It has been thought well to include Portugal in this volume, so as to embrace the entire Iberian Peninsula. Though geographically contiguous, and so closely associated in the popular mind, the Spanish and Portuguese nations offer in fact the most striking divergences alike in character and institutions, and separate treatment was essential in justice to each country. The preferential attention given to Spain is only in keeping with the more prominent part she has played, and may yet play, in the history of civilisation. * * * * * I am indebted for the chapters on Portugal to Mr. Eugène E. Street, whose long and intimate acquaintance with the land and its people renders him peculiarly fitted to draw their picture. L. HIGGIN. CONTENTS _SPANISH LIFE_ PAGE CHAPTER I LAND AND PEOPLE 1 CHAPTER II TYPES AND TRAITS 24 CHAPTER III NATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS 38 CHAPTER IV SPANISH SOCIETY 55 CHAPTER V MODERN MADRID 77