Speciation of the Wandering ShrewFindley, James S. (James Smith)
Science
Speciation of the Wandering Shrew
Findley, James S. (James Smith)
Shrews
The largest shrews of the _vagrans_ group (large in all dimensions)
occur in the coastal forests of northern California and of Oregon.
Those shrews are reddish, large-skulled, large-toothed, and have
rostra that are large in proportion to the size of the skull as a
whole. The very largest of these shrews live along the coast of
northwestern California. To the southward they are somewhat smaller,
and at successively more northern localities, to as far as
southwestern British Columbia, they are likewise progressively smaller
and also somewhat less reddish. The relative size of the rostrum
decreases with the decrease in size of the skull; consequently smaller
shrews have relatively smaller rostra (see fig. 4). In addition the
zygomatic ridge of the squamosal decreases in relative size with
decrease in actual size of the skull. Thus, these features change in a
clinal fashion as one proceeds from, say, Humboldt County, California,
northward to Astoria, Oregon.
Turning our attention now farther inland to the Cascade Mountains of
northern Oregon, the shrews there also are smaller and less reddish
(more brownish) than in northwestern California, and the trend to
smaller and darker shrews culminates in the northern Cascades of
Washington. Shrews from there, and from the southwestern coast of
British Columbia, compared with those from northwestern California,
are much smaller and have so great a suffusion of black that they
appear brown rather than red. At places along the coast successively
farther north of southwestern British Columbia the shrews become
larger again, the largest individuals being those from near Wrangell,
Alaska. From that place northwesterly along the coast of Alaska, size
decreases again.
[Illustration: FIG. 4. Condylobasal length (in millimeters)
plotted against palatal index (palatal length/condylobasal
length x 100) in several subspecies of _Sorex vagrans_ to show
relative increase in size of rostrum with actual increase in
size of skull.]
The shrews so far discussed inhabit forests in a region of high
rainfall and a minimum of seasonal fluctuation in temperature. Such a
habitat seems to be the optimum for shrews of the _vagrans_ group
since the largest individuals are found there. In addition, shrews
seem to be as common, or commoner, in this coastal belt, than they are
in other places.
The large shrews of the _vagrans_ group on the Pacific coast were
divided into three species by H. H. T. Jackson in his revision of the
North American _Sorex_ in 1928. The large reddish shrews of the coast
of California and southern Oregon were called _S. pacificus_. The
somewhat smaller ones from the coast of central Oregon were called _S.
yaquinae_. Still smaller shrews from northwestern Oregon and from the
rest of the Pacific coast north into Alaska were called _S. obscurus_.
I find these kinds to intergrade continuously one with the next in the
manner described and conclude that all are of a single species.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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