MACK AND THE MOLLY MAGUIRES 90 M'Parlan a North-of-Ireland Man—The Rush to Pennsylvania Coal-fields—The Irish Adventurers—Growth of New Ireland—Erin a Land of Political Unrest—A Nursery of Political Agitation—The Four Provinces—Irish Hatred of Traitors—The "Molly Maguire" Dispatch—Frequency of Murders—Franklin Goven intervenes—Mack enters the Field of Investigation—His Qualifications for the Business—Picking up the Lines—A Narrow Shave—Becomes an accepted Molly—His Strenuous Task—Becomes a Suspect—Is sentenced to Death—Eludes his appointed Slayers—Whisky saves him—His Escape from the Coal Zones CHAPTER VII MAJOR ANDRÉ 104 Mongrel Breed of Spy—Marcus Crassus and his Spies—Birth of André—Geneva University—His Precociousness in Love Affairs—Buys a Commission in the Royal Fusiliers—Learns his Trade in Berlin—His Charming Personality—Leaves for Quebec via Philadelphia—Captured after Lexington—His Value to Howe—Promotion—Mr W. Seargent's Picture of André—Relations with Benedict Arnold—His Correspondence with the American Traitor—Importance of West Point—André's Bright Hopes—Interview with Arnold—His Adventures in Hostile Lines—Capture by an American Farmer—Bribery of no Avail—Colonel Jameson's Mistake—André's Letter to General Washington—What Tallmadge thought—Is sentenced by Court Martial—His Execution at Tappan—A Last Request CHAPTER VIII BRITISH SECRET SERVICE 123 Little or no Espionage in Britain—Beginnings of Secret Service—Henry VII. and the Monastic Estates—The Intelligencer in Elizabeth's Time—Statesmen employ his Services—Some Expensive Intelligencers—Cromwell well served by Spies—Charles II. and Duchess of Portsmouth—Many German Spies in Georgian Times—Pitt organises Foreign Spy System—Fox and the First Consul—Canning's famous Tilsit Coup—Pre-Union Espionage in Ireland—Le Caron's Indictment of British Paymasters—The Trench-Brandon Trial at Leipsic—Germany's Fear of Foreign Spies—Her Traitors seek English Gold—The Cost of Espionage to England, France, Germany and Russia—Home Office Alertness in August 1914—Measures of Counter-Espionage CHAPTER IX FRENCH SECRET SERVICE 147 Frenchmen Unwilling Spies—Paris Centre of vast Police Network of Spies—Colonel Henry's Fate—The Prevalence of the _Dossier_—Fame and the _Dossier_—The _Agent Provocateur_—Divisions of French Secret Service—Esterhazy's Seventeen _Poursuivants_—M. Bertillon's Bureau—Lower Orders of Spies—Forced Espionage—Newspaper and Bankers' Spies—The French War Office well informed—Renan's Views CHAPTER X GERMAN SECRET SERVICE 161