St. Clair's DefeatPublic Library of Fort Wayne and Allen County
History
St. Clair's Defeat
Public Library of Fort Wayne and Allen County
St. Clair's Campaign, 1791
About half an hour before sunrise on the fourth of November, the Indians
fiercely attacked the militia posted in front of the main army. The
first ranks made a slight resistance and then fell back in wild disorder
to the main camp. The overwhelming force of savages, led by their most
distinguished chiefs, came rushing on with yells of fury, creating panic
and confusion impossible to describe. Then began a desperate fight and a
fearful slaughter. Though taken completely by surprise, the brave
soldiers seized their arms, rallied under their respective leaders, and
stood their ground like heroes. Their first regular fire checked the
onset of the foe to some degree, but the Indians were too great in
numbers and held too great an advantage to give way permanently. In a
short time our gallant soldiers were violently assailed on all sides,
and officers and men went down before the deadly rifle fire like leaves
before the blasts of autumn wind. Several charges were ordered and made
with great spirit. The savages at times gave way before the impetuous
charges of their disciplined foes, yet it was only to rally in greater
force and to press more fearfully upon some weaker point.
For three hours the battle raged with wild fury, and the ground
everywhere was covered with the dead and dying. General St. Clair saw
with dismay that the day was hopelessly lost. Four of his own horses had
already been killed, his clothes were riddled with bullets, and nearly
every officer had been cut down. Under these distressing circumstances,
there was but one thing for him to do. He gave the order to retreat.
This retreat, as might have been anticipated, soon became a rout of the
most terrible kind. The Indians, finding themselves masters of the field
and finding their enemies flying in wild disorder, rushed after the
fugitives with yells of triumph. They followed the soldiers for four or
five miles, shooting, tomahawking, or scalping all they could overtake.
Then the most eager of the savages, satisfied with their morning’s work,
gave up the chase and returned to the battlefield to gather the scalps
of the dead and dying. Nearly all of the wounded were butchered. Those
unfortunate ones who had been taken unharmed were generally reserved for
later tortures, and there were enough captives to provide many holidays
for the different tribes.
We have thus given a brief sketch of the disaster on that woeful day.
The details of that horrifying scene of conflict would fill volumes.
This we cannot do. We can, however, piece together a narrative from the
records of the actors in that dreadful tragedy. It is our purpose to
publish the story of Robert Branshaw, a Kentuckian, who has left behind
him an account of what he saw and did on that memorable day.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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