Staffordshire pottery and its historyWedgwood, Josiah C. (Josiah Clement)
History
Staffordshire pottery and its history
Wedgwood, Josiah C. (Josiah Clement)
Potters -- England; Staffordshire pottery; Wedgwood ware
An order was made on August 10, 1693, for a trial of the action against
Morley and the Elers for the making of a brown mug and two red teapots
in imitation of china. Before the trial came on in November the Elers
came to terms with Dwight, and Morley put off his case by claiming that
he only made brown mugs and not the red teapots. On December 15, 1693,
the three Wedgwoods were ordered to be added to the Bill as defendants,
and on May 5, 1694, Matthew Garner was added also. On May 19, 1694, the
Wedgwoods “for delay have craved a _dedimus_ to answer in the country,”
and yet in the meantime proceed to make and vend the several wares,
against which continuance the plaintiff Dwight obtained an injunction
“until they shall directly answer to the complaint and the Court shall
make other order to the contrary against them their workmen servants and
agents.” On June 21, 1694, a similar injunction was obtained against
Matthew Garner; and on July 26, 1695, against Morley. Garner in his turn
wanted his witnesses examined in the country, and the cases against
him and Morley and one Luke Talbott dragged on till July, 1696, though
nothing more is to be found of the suit against the Wedgwoods. Probably
they too compromised on the basis of each paying their own costs, for
the last notice there is of these suits is one dated July 1, 1696, which
shows Dwight suing his solicitor for excessive costs.
[Illustration: Earliest known piece of Staffordshire salt glaze ware,
1701. From the Stoke-on-Trent Museums.]
This suit, given by Professor Church in the “Burlington Magazine”
(February, 1908) upsets a good many preconceptions, and throws
considerable light on the stage at which the development of the potting
craft had arrived in 1693. In the first place Garner, a Staffordshire
lad to judge from his name, is apprenticed to a London potter. This shows
communication between London and Staffordshire, and a clear desire to
improve a potting trade in Staffordshire by contact with more civilized
methods. Then the injunction obtained against Aaron Wedgwood and his
sons, “Doctor” Thomas and Richard “of the Overhouse,” shows that they
were making in 1693 the red teapots, known to collectors as Elers and
Dwight, and the brown stoneware which, glazed with salt, was later the
characteristic work of Dr Thomas Wedgwood. We must, therefore, call these
Wedgwoods and Matthew Garner the first known Staffordshire makers of
stoneware, and as Garner was out of his apprenticeship in 1688, and Elers
started in Fulham in 1690, we can give the date 1690 as the starting
point of the stoneware glazed with salt in Staffordshire.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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