Certain widely practiced deviations from the standard procedure just described are noted in the following paragraphs. 1. Heat the acidified sample to boiling, add the permanganate solution, and digest for two minutes[16] at boiling temperature. This procedure is facilitated by agitating the liquid constantly with a small current of air to guard against bumping. 2. Same method as No. 1 except that the period of digestion is five minutes.[121a] 3. Same method as No. 2 except that the permanganate solution is added to the acidified sample when cold, and digestion is continued five minutes after the sample reaches the boiling point. The advantage of this method is that there is included the oxygen-consuming power of the volatile matter present in some sewages and sewage effluents, which is driven off by heat and thus escapes when the test is made in accordance with procedures 1 and 2. 4. Same method as No. 3 except that the period of digestion is 10 minutes.[63][68c] 5. Digestion of the sample after the acid and permanganate solutions are added is carried out abroad, especially in England, at approximately the room temperature,[24a][69a][94f][100a] apparently to guard against decomposition[17] of permanganate in the presence of high chloride, for periods of three minutes, fifteen minutes, and four hours; many observers record the oxygen consumed after all three periods, while some record the result only for the four-hour period. At the end of the period of digestion, add 0.5 cc. of potassium iodide solution to discharge the pink color; mix; titrate the liberated iodine with thiosulfate until the yellow color is nearly destroyed, then add a few drops of starch solution and continue titration until the blue color is just discharged. The number of cubic centimeters of potassium permanganate solution in excess of the number of cubic centimeters of sodium thiosulfate solution is equal to parts per million of oxygen consumed. 6. Digestion in alkaline solution[104] is preferable to digestion in acid solution for brines or waters high in chlorine. Place in a flask 100 cc. of the sample, or if it is of high organic content a smaller portion diluted to 100 cc. Add 0.5 cc. of sodium hydroxide solution and 10 cc. of standard potassium permanganate and digest exactly 30 minutes. Remove the flask, add 5 cc. of sulfuric acid and 10 cc. of the standard ammonium oxalate, and titrate with the standard potassium permanganate as in the acid digestion. RESIDUE ON EVAPORATION. TOTAL RESIDUE.[16]