Where the heaviest records are made in milk production, they are nearly all made at prohibitive costs so far as the value of the product is concerned. This is because too large a proportion of the feed consumed is high priced. We must take into consideration the price of grain, the price of rough feed, and the price of milk products, before we can determine the proportion of grain and other feed that should be given to the dairy cow. We can make milk out of rough feed without any grain under the proper conditions. When grain is too much out of proportion in price, we can safely do without it, if our rough feed happens to be good pasture or good alfalfa hay and silage. If our roughage is too poor, it rarely pays to compel good dairy cows to live on it alone, for their future usefulness will be impaired by starvation. A drought in summer with the resulting short pasture often knocks down the milk flow for all of the next winter and makes all that year’s production more expensive. Starve a good cow and she soon becomes a poor one, for she must adjust herself to the new condition. The new condition she adopts is the same as that of the scrub. The scrub is a product of starvation. She has been bred to withstand hardships instead of using all efforts to produce milk. Never let a good cow go hungry for pasture or hay. =Water.= A milk cow requires about twelve and one-half gallons of pure water per day. In summer it should be fresh and cool water. In winter it should be fairly warm. The water should be as accessible as possible at all times. Twice a day is not often enough for milk cows. Especially when cattle are on dry feed, the more water they can be induced to consume, the more butter fat and milk solids it will put into the pail. In the winter we usually water cows three times a day in the barn with water no colder than comes from the well, and slightly salt their feed so that they will drink water in abundance. I do not know just what effect stagnant, dirty water has on a milk cow, but do not think I would want to drink the milk that is made up largely of such water. Also if cattle wade in infected water and get their udders and teats in it, the milk will to a certain extent be infected as is the water.