In the last edition of that work a chapter on 'History and Fable' was inserted because of its bearing on the author's general views 'regarding the elementary commixture of fable and fact in ages that may be called prehistoric.' In this chapter the author made a rapid survey of the 'kinship between history and fable,' tracing it through the times of myth and romance to the period of the historic novel. 'At their birth,' he says, 'history and fable were twin sisters;' and again, 'There is always a certain quantity of fable in history, and there is always an element of history in one particular sort of fable.' The reviews of English and Anglo-Indian fiction, and of 'Heroic Poetry' in the present work, give opportunities of further illustrations from fiction of his views: which reappear from another standpoint in the 'Remarks on the Reading of History'--a short address, which it has been thought worth while to reprint, though it was not specially indicated by the author for publication. Several of the other articles contain criticism of a more purely literary character; the article on 'Frontiers,' which recounts exciting but little-known episodes in the Russian advance in Asia, has an important bearing on a branch of Indian policy in which Sir Alfred Lyall to the end of his career took a deep interest, and of which he had a profound knowledge; and 'L'Empire Liberal' may, it is thought, be found to contain much that is of special interest at the present time. These articles have not had the benefit of any general revision by their author, but in a few cases he had indicated in the printed copies alterations or additions that he desired to be made. _The Quarterly._ _The Anglo-Saxon._ _The Edinburgh._ _The Fortnightly._ Except that the two essays on 'Race and Religion' and 'The State in its Relation to Religion' have been brought together at the end of the volume, the chronological order of original publication has been observed. The source from which each article is drawn has in all cases been indicated, and this opportunity is taken of acknowledging the permission to republish that has courteously been accorded by the editors or proprietors of the Reviews concerned. Permission has also been given to publish the article on 'Sir Spencer Walpole' written for the British Academy, and the address on the 'Reading of History.' John O. Miller _December 1914._ CONTENTS PAGE NOVELS OF ADVENTURE AND MANNERS 1 ENGLISH LETTER-WRITING IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY 34 THACKERAY 76 THE ANGLO-INDIAN NOVELIST 121 HEROIC POETRY 155 THE WORKS OF LORD BYRON 177 THE ENGLISH UTILITARIANS 210