Studies in Spermatogenesis (Part 2 of 2)Stevens, N. M. (Nettie Maria)
Science
Studies in Spermatogenesis (Part 2 of 2)
Stevens, N. M. (Nettie Maria)
Sex; Spermatogenesis
[A] AUG. 20, 1906.--Since this paper was prepared, 19 other species of
Coleoptera have been studied. Of these, 17 have an unequal pair of
heterochromosomes in the spermatocytes. Six belong to the Chrysomelidæ,
making 14 of that family that have been examined. Representatives of 4
new families--Melandryidæ, Lamiinæ, Meloidæ, Cerambycinæ have been
studied. In only two species--1 Elater and 1 Lampyrid--has the odd
chromosome been found in place of the unequal pair. No species of
Coleoptera has yet been examined in which one or the other of these two
types of heterochromosomes does not occur in the spermatocytes. Of the
42 species of Coleoptera whose germ cells have been studied, 85.7 per
cent are characterized by the presence of an unequal pair of
heterochromosomes in the male germ cells, 14.3 per cent by the presence
of an odd chromosome.
COMPARISON OF RESULTS IN DIFFERENT SPECIES OF COLEOPTERA.
In number of chromosomes there is great variation, the smallest number
(16) having been found in _Odontota dorsalis_, and the largest (40) in
_Silpha americana_. The difference in size is also very marked, as may
be seen by comparing the spermatogonial plates in figures 3 and 58 with
those shown in figures 94 and 141.
No other species of the Tenebrionidæ has yet been secured, and all of
the other beetles examined differ in a marked degree from _Tenebrio
molitor_ in the growth stages of the spermatocytes. While in _Tenebrio_
the chromatin stains very dark throughout the growth stage, and the
unequal pair can not be distinguished until the prophase of division
('05, plate VI, figs. 171-180), in most of the others there are very
distinct synizesis and synapsis stages, following the last
spermatogonial mitosis, then a spireme stage in which the condensed
unequal pair of heterochromosomes or the odd chromosome is conspicuous
in contrast with the pale spireme, whether the preparation is stained
with iron-hæmatoxylin, gentian, or thionin. In _Tenebrio molitor_, the
unequal pair behaved in every respect like the other bivalent
chromosomes. In the other forms, though it behaves during the two
maturation divisions like the symmetrical bivalents, it remains
condensed during the growth period like the "accessory" of the
Orthoptera, the odd chromosome, "_m_-chromosomes," and "idiochromosomes"
of the Hemiptera. In several cases the heterochromosomes of the
Coleoptera are associated with a plasmosome (figs. 22, 23, 63, 132, 158,
217), as is often true in other orders. This peculiar pair of unequal
heterochromosomes varies considerably in size during the growth stage in
some of the species studied, but changes very little in form, differing
in this respect from the "accessory" in some of the Orthoptera (McClung,
'02) and from the large idiochromosome in some of the Hemiptera (Wilson,
'05).
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