Sumerian Hymns from Cuneiform Texts in the British Museum — John Shaqi
Sumerian Hymns from Cuneiform Texts in the British Museum
Religion
Sumerian Hymns from Cuneiform Texts in the British Museum
Hymns, Sumerian; Sumerian language -- Texts
Nannar had a temple at Ur, called E-gišširgal, and one at Harran, known
as E-ḥulḥul. Ur was the oldest of the two temple cities. Its history may
possibly reach back to 4000 B. C. Ur held a position in southern
Babylonia similar to that held by Nippur in northern Babylonia, but was
not so old as Nippur. Ur was the religious centre in the south with
Nannar as the state god, as Nippur was the religious centre in the north
with Bêl as the state god. When the states of the south and the north
were united under Ḥammurabi, Babylon, becoming the religious capital of
the south and the north combined, the state lustre of the god of Babylon
naturally came to dim the glory of the god of Ur as well as that of
Nippur. Harran, situated on the Euphrates in the northern part of
Assyria, never figured in state power, and was prominent only because of
the importance of the events that centered there, on the road between
the east and the west.
Nabonidus, the last Semitic Babylonian king (555-538 B. C.) was an
enthusiastic devotee of the moon-god. He tells us what Ašurbânipal did
to the temple of the moon-god at Mugheir. In speaking of that temple, he
calls it the house of Sin which Ašurbânipal, king of Assyria, son of
Esarhaddon, king of Assyria had built. Nabonidus himself rebuilt both
the temples of the moon-god, the temple of E-gišširgal at Ur and the
temple of E-ḥulḥul at Harran, and he gives us a description of the
rebuilding of both. We also have two prayers of Nabonidus addressed to
the moon-god, one addressed to him at E-gišširgal, the other addressed
to him at E-ḥulḥul (see I R. 68, Col. I, 6 ff. and V R. 64, Col. I, 8
ff.).
The temple ruins of E-gišširgal have been well uncovered. The temple is
of rectangular form, the four corners turned towards the four cardinal
points of the compass. The platform of the base is at the level of the
roofs of the houses, made of solid masonry of bricks and reached by
steps at the end. On the platform are two stagings, also of solid
masonry reached by steps at one end. On the second staging is a shrine
of the moon-god. In sculpture he appears as an old man with long beard
and dressed in royal robes. He wears a hat and in the scene there is
always a thin crescent (see Clercq, Vol. I, Plates X-XV). Loftus and
Taylor both give drawings of the temple of E-gišširgal (see TR. p. 127
and JRAS. XV, p. 260.) The ruins of the temple of the moon-god at Harran
have not yet been uncovered to the extent that the plan of the temple
can be laid before us.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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