Sumerian Hymns from Cuneiform Texts in the British Museum
Religion
Sumerian Hymns from Cuneiform Texts in the British Museum
Hymns, Sumerian; Sumerian language -- Texts
Our first paragraph may describe him as a resident of one of the ancient
cities of southern Babylonia. The city of his residence was Eridu on the
banks of the Euphrates. His official title is that of sun-god and his
occupation is to care for the growth of plants. The name of his father
was Ea, the lord of the city of Eridu, whose duties consisted in
governing the waters of the river on whose shore the city rested. Tammuz
had a mother, whose name was Davkina, the mistress of the vine. Tammuz
also had a sister Belili whose calling was, like that of Tammuz her
brother, the care of plant growth. Tammuz also had a bride, the famous
and treacherous Ištar, the goddess of love, represented by the evening
star; she was mistress of the neighbouring city of Erech, a little to
the north-west, and on the other side of the Euphrates. The life of
Tammuz at Eridu was romantic and his days ended in tragedy. There is a
little poem, giving a picture of his home. There was a garden, a holy
place, abundantly shaded with profuse leafage of trees whose roots went
down deep into the waters over which Ea presided. His couch was hung
under the rich foliage of the vine which his mother tended. There Tammuz
dwelt and there was his shrine. His dwelling of foliage in his youthful
days was symbolic of the domain in which the virtue of his power was to
be exercised. His real home was in heaven, for from heaven the virtue of
plant-growth proceeds with the heat of the sun. But his connection with
heaven had been forgotten, except in reminiscence found in legend. In
the legend of Adapa, for instance, we find a hint of it. Tammuz and his
companion Gišzida are seen mounting up to heaven where they receive
stations as door-keepers in the gate of Anu’s house; in heaven they
properly belong.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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