Sumerian Hymns from Cuneiform Texts in the British Museum
Religion
Sumerian Hymns from Cuneiform Texts in the British Museum
Hymns, Sumerian; Sumerian language -- Texts
_la_: LALÛ here is essentially the same as the old linear picture which
may readily be found in old Sumerian script, given also by Delitzsch
(see AL. p. 122, No. 31). _la_ means “fulness” like the Assyrian _lalû_,
but its use in our text is entirely phonetic. We should rather expect
_ra_ here. Note that in line 10, we have _ra_ where we should expect
_la_, and in line 12, we have _da-ma-al-la_ where the _la_ is regular,
just as _ra_ is regular in _kur-kur-ra_ of line 3.
_ma-ma_: MAMÛ in its original form is an old hieroglyph representing the
earth, so that “earth” or “the land” is a common meaning for _ma_ and
equal to the Assyrian _mâtu_ which probably comes from Sumerian _ma_,
“land”, and _da_, “strong” = DADDU (see line 1 for further comment).
9. _ama nà-a gù ne-sig gan-nu ki_
The bull of the pasture, the bull that encompassest the productive
land.
_ama_, which in line 7 was rendered by “lord”, must mean here “bull”, as
the word _nà-a_ limits us to this meaning. _nà-a_ means “pasture”.
_nà-a_ could be taken as an adjective, descriptive of the attitude of
the bull, i. e., that of lying down quietly. We have _nà-a_ again in
line 14. _a_ is simply phonetic here (see line 3).
_nà_: the sign for the value _nà_ has no sign-name. In almost this form,
the sign is easily found in the text of Gudea (see Cylinder B, Col. XVI,
line 19, in Déc. 35). The form in our text is very near to the original
linear form and differs much from the Assyrian. The ordinary meaning of
_nà_ is given by the Assyrian _rabâ⋅u_ “lie down”, kindred to the Hebrew
_rābă⋅_.
_gù_, the value here for GUṬṬU, is commonly rendered in Assyrian by
_alpu_ “ox”. The sign represents the bull’s head with horns.
Historically the sign has three forms, the old Babylonian linear form,
the old Babylonian wedge-form and the Assyrian wedge-form. The old
Babylonian linear and wedge-forms are the same, except that wedges occur
in the latter where simple straight lines appear in the former. The
Assyrian form is composed of two horizontal wedges, one upright wedge
and two little corner wedges (AL. p. 128, No. 164). The difference
between GUṬṬU and AMMU is significant (see note on line 7).
_ne-sig_: _ne-sig-ga_ equals _kamû_, “bind” (Br. 4626). The meaning
“bind” fits here.
_ne_ is not an unusual indeterminate verbal prefix (see MSL. p. XXIX).
_sig_ = PA, probably with the value _sig_, may equal _kamû_ (Br. 5575).
Hence _ne-sig_ is a verb, _ne_ being the prefix and _sig_ the stem.
_gan-nu_: the value _gan_ is indicated by the following _nu_.
_gan_ with complementary _nu_ is represented here by an ancient form of
the sign which is very different from the Assyrian form. The meaning
here must be expressed by _daḥâdu_, “plenty”, kindred to _alidu_ (IV R.
9, 24a).
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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