8. 握奇經 Wu Ch‘i Ching,[166] in 1 _chüan_. Attributed to the legendary minister 風后 Fêng Hou, with exegetical notes by 公孫宏 Kung-sun Hung of the Han dynasty (_d._ B.C. 121), and said to have been eulogised by the celebrated general 馬隆 Ma Lung (_d._ A.D. 300). Yet the earliest mention of it is in the 宋志. Although a forgery, the work is well put together.[167] Considering the high popular estimation in which 諸葛亮 Chu-ko Liang has always been held, it is not surprising to find more than one work on war ascribed to his pen. Such are (1) the 十六策 Shih Liu Ts‘ê (1 _chüan_), preserved in the 永樂大典 _Yung Lo Ta Tien_; (2) 將苑 Chiang Yüan (1 _ch._); and (3) 心書 Hsin Shu (1 _ch._), which steals wholesale from Sun Tzŭ. None of these has the slightest claim to be considered genuine. Most of the large Chinese encyclopaedias contain extensive sections devoted to the literature of war. The following references may be found useful:— 通典 T‘ung Tien (_circâ_ 800 A.D.), ch. 148–162. 太平御覽 T‘ai P‘ing Yü Lan (983), ch. 270–359. 文獻通考 Wên Hsien T‘ung K‘ao (13th cent.), ch. 221. 玉海 Yü Hai (13th cent.), ch. 140, 141. 三才圖會 San Ts‘ai T‘u Hui (16th cent.), 人事 ch. 7, 8. 廣博物志 Kuang Po Wu Chih (1607), ch. 31, 32. 潛確類書 Ch‘ien Ch‘io Lei Shu (1632), ch. 75. 淵鑑類函 Yüan Chien Lei Han (1710), ch. 206–229. 古今圖書集成 Ku Chin T‘u Shu Chi Ch‘êng (1726), section XXX, _esp._ ch. 81–90. 續文獻通考 Hsü Wên Hsien T‘ung K‘ao (1784), ch. 121–134. 皇朝經世文編 Huang Ch‘ao Ching Shih Wên Pien (1826), ch. 76, 77. The bibliographical sections of certain historical works also deserve mention:— 前漢書 Ch‘ien Han Shu, ch. 30. 隋書 Sui Shu, ch. 32–35. 舊唐書 Chiu T‘ang Shu, ch. 46, 47. 新唐書 Hsin T‘ang Shu, ch. 57–60. 宋史 Sung Shih, ch. 202–209. 通志 T‘ung Chih (_circâ_ 1150), ch. 68. To these of course must be added the great Catalogue of the Imperial Library:— 四庫全書總目提要 Ssŭ K‘u Ch‘üan Shu Tsung Mu T‘i Yao (1790), ch. 99, 100. I. 計篇 LAYING PLANS. This is the only possible meaning of 計, which M. Amiot and Capt. Calthrop wrongly translate “Fondements de l’art militaire” and “First principles” respectively. Ts‘ao Kung says it refers to the deliberations in the temple selected by the general for his temporary use, or as we should say, in his tent. See § 26. 1. 孫子曰兵者國之大事 Sun Tzŭ said: The art of war is of vital importance to the State. 2. 死生之地存亡之道不可不察也 It is a matter of life and death, a road either to safety or to ruin. Hence it is a subject of inquiry which can on no account be neglected. 3. 故經之以五校之以計而索其情 The art of war, then, is governed by five constant factors, to be taken into account in one’s deliberations, when seeking to determine the conditions obtaining in the field.