1231-9--Difficulty of the subject--The Angus pedigree--The Diploma of the Orkney Earls--Magnus II's charter--The wardship question--Three claimants (1) Magnus, (2) Johanna of Strathnaver and (3) Earl John's nameless hostage daughter--Skene's opinion--The Cheynes and Federeths, descendants of Johanna--Her charitable gift--Her Moddan and Erlend descent--Magnus II, his descent and marriage--Freskin de Moravia, his descent, marriage, life, and death--The settlement of Caithness and Sutherland--Creation of the Sutherland Earldom between 10th October 1237 and Magnus' death in 1239--Conclusion. CHAPTER X.--KING HAKON'S EXPEDITION AND THE NORTH 1263-1266--Recapitulation--Norse jarls and the Norse Crown--Affairs in Sutherland--Battle at Embo--Dornoch Cathedral and its constitution--The Angus line and the Freskyns--Hakon's fleet at Ragnvaldsvoe sails south--Battle of Largs--Hakon's retreat and death--The mainland of Scotland and the Hebrides won for Scotland--Treaty of Perth, 1266. CHAPTER XI.--RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The creed of the Viking--The causes of his migration--Odinism--Settlement in the West--Celtic mothers--Effect on race, language and place-names-- Viking remains--Skaill, Dunrobin--Castles--The Viking type of man--The blended race--Norman influence. NOTES. APPENDIX.--EARLY PEDIGREE OF THE FRESKYN FAMILY INDEX LIST OF AUTHORITIES AND BOOKS REFERRED TO.[1] Anderson, Dr. Joseph. Rhind Lectures, "Scotland in Pagan Times." Edinburgh, 1883 and 1886. Antiquaries. Proceedings of The Society of Scottish. Bain. Calendar of Documents relating to Scotland in Record Office. Bannatyne Club--Publications of. Barry, History of Orkney. Edinburgh, Constable, 1805. Broxburn. (Strabrock.) History and Antiquities of Uphall, by Rev. James Primrose. Edinburgh, Andrew Elliott, 1898. Burnt Njal. Dasent's Translation. (B.N.)[2] Edinburgh, Edmonston & Douglas, 1861. Caithness Family History, by John Henderson. Edinburgh, David Douglas, 1884. Caithness, The County of--by John Home. Wick, W. Rae, 1907. Calder's History of Caithness. Glasgow, Thomas Murray & Son, 1861. Cat, History of the Province of--by Rev. Angus Mackay. Wick, Peter Reid & Co., Ltd., 1914. Chalmers. Caledonia. Chroniques Anglo-Normandes. Francisque Michel. Rouen, Ed. Frere, 1836. Corpus Poeticum Boreale. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1883. Curie. Monuments of Caithness. Royal Commission's Report, 1911. Curie. Monuments of Sutherland. Royal Commission's Report, 1912. Dalrymple's Collections, (1705). Diploma of the Earls of Orkney. Du Chaillu. The Viking Age. John Murray, 1889. Dunfermelyn, Register of. (Bannatyne Club.) Early Scottish Kings, by E. William Robertson, 1862. Eric the Red--Saga of. Flatey Book (Flateyjarbok). Christiania, Mailings, 1860. (F.B.) Fordun. Scottish Annals. Edited by W.F. Skene. Edinburgh, Edmonston & Douglas, 1871. Genealogie of the Earles of Southerland, by Sir Robert Gordon, Bart. Edinburgh, A. Constable, 1813.