i.e. John is ill. pg141 10. Umbrellas are useful on a journey; What is useless on a journey should be left behind. Univ. is "things"; m = useful on a journey; x = umbrellas; y = things that should be left behind. ·---------------· ·-------· All x are m; |(O) | (O)| | | | All m' are y. | ·---|---· | |---|---| | | (I) | | |(I)| | |---|---|---|---| ·-------· | | | | | | ·---|---· | .'. Some x' are y. |(I) | (O)| ·---------------· i.e. Some things, that are not umbrellas, should be left behind on a journey. 11. Audible music causes vibration in the air; Inaudible music is not worth paying for. Univ. is "music"; m = audible; x = music that causes vibration in the air; y = worth paying for. ·---------------· ·-------· All m are x; |(O) | | | | | All m' are y'. | ·---|---· | |---|---| | | (I) | | |(O)| | |---|---|---|(I)| ·-------· | |(O)|(O)| | | ·---|---· | .'. No x' are y. |(O) | | ·---------------· i.e. No music is worth paying for, unless it causes vibration in the air. 12. Some holidays are rainy; Rainy days are tiresome. Univ. is "days"; m = rainy; x = holidays; y = tiresome. ·---------------· ·-------· Some x are m; | | | |(I)| | All m are y. | ·---|---· | |---|---| | |(I)|(O)| | | | | |---|---|---|---| ·-------· | | |(O)| | | ·---|---· | .'. Some x are y. | | | ·---------------· i.e. Some holidays are tiresome. _Solutions for § 6, Nos. 1-10._ SL6-A 1. Some x are m; No m are y'. Some x are y. ·---------------· ·-------· | | | |(I)| | | ·---|---· | |---|---| | |(I)|(O)| | | | | |---|---|---|---| ·-------· | | |(O)| | | ·---|---· | Hence proposed Conclusion is right. | | | ·---------------· pg142 2. All x are m; No y are m'. No y are x'. ·---------------· |(O) | (O)| | ·---|---· | | | (I) | | |---|---|---|---| There is no Conclusion. | | | | | | ·---|---· | |(O) | | ·---------------· 3. Some x are m'; All y' are m. Some x are y.