Synthetic Tannins, Their Synthesis, Industrial Production and ApplicationGrasser, Georg
Science
Synthetic Tannins, Their Synthesis, Industrial Production and Application
Grasser, Georg
Tannins
The author's investigations of the electro-osmosis of an aqueous
solution of Neradol D [Footnote: _Collegium_, 1920, 597, 24.] proved
that dicresylmethanedisulphonic acid exhibits anodic migration; hence
this product possesses negative charge and acidic character. The
impurities accompanying the synthetic tannin, _i.e._, salts, free
sulphuric acid, and some phenols, migrated anodic and cathodic
respectively, according to their charges. A Neradol D purified by
electro-osmosis finally yielded a pure solution of
dicresylmethanedisulphonic acid, which precipitated gelatine and
exhibited pronounced tanning effects, but gave a greenish-black
coloration with iron salts. This conclusively proves that the blue
coloration given by Neradol D with iron salts is no characteristic
feature of the _pure_ synthetic tannin, but is caused by the phenolic
impurities accompanying the latter. Especially the first stage of the
electro-osmosis produces a cathodic migration of the phenols, which may
then be detected at a cathode by means of the iron and bromine
reactions.
It is characteristic of a dicresylmethanedisulphonic acid purified by
electro-osmosis that it does not precipitate aniline hydrochloride. It
appears, therefore, that this reaction--which is characteristic of most
synthetic tannins--is again caused by the presence of impurities.
3. The Influence of Salts and Acid Contents on the Tanning Effect of
Neradol D
Chemical analysis of crude Neradol revealed a natural
dicresylmethanedisulphonic acid (the tanning agent) contents of about 68
per cent, which agrees fairly well with the calculated amount. Like
other "strong" and "weak" acids this sulphonic acid exercises a strongly
swelling influence on pelt. Whereas the effect of acid present in
solutions of Neradol D of medium concentration and its tanning effect
both influence the pelt and are fairly well balanced, this is not the
case as regards highly concentrated and very dilute solutions. If, for
instance, a very dilute solution of crude Neradol (about 0.25° Bé.) is
used, the tanning effect of this solution is exceedingly small and does
not show itself till after several hours. The relatively high
dissociation of the acids at this high degree of dilution causes an
extremely rapid and strong swelling of the pelt, which has therefore
absorbed its maximum amount of water (maximum swelling) before the
tanning effect of the sulphonic acid comes into play and by fixing the
surface of the pelt is enabled to prevent the excessive swelling effect
of the acids.
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