1810. _Cephalotes_ É. Geoffroy, Ann. du Mus. d'Hist. Nat., 15:104. 1811. _Harpyia_ Illiger, Prodr. Syst. Mamm. et Avium, p. 118. 1837. _Gelasinus_ Temminck, Monographe de Mammalia ..., 2:100. Tube-nosed bats of the genus _Nyctimene_ occur from Celebes on the west to the Santa Cruz Islands on the east. Heretofore, two species (_N. albiventer_ and _N. major_), each with an endemic subspecies, were known from the Solomon Islands. Both species occur also in New Guinea and on many adjacent islands. A new species of _Nyctimene_, apparently endemic to the Solomons, and a new subspecies of _N. albiventer_ are named beyond. _Nyctimene_ is related closely to _Cynopterus_ and the "Cynopterus group" of Andersen (1912:691). Because _Nyctimene_ is a highly specialized bat, Miller (1907:75) placed it in a subfamily separate from that of _Cynopterus_ and its allies. Andersen (1912:696, 697) placed the species of _Nyctimene_ previously known from the Solomons in two groups, the "papuanus" group and the "cephalotes" group, on the basis of difference in length of forearm and length of maxillary tooth-row. Because of its short forearm (about 58), _N. albiventer_ is in the _papuanus_ group; and _N. major_, because of its long forearm (about 74), is in the _cephalotes_ group. Key to Species of Nyctimene in the Solomons 1. Forearm longer than 70; males grayish-brown, females pale gray, =N. major scitulus=, p. 825 1'. Forearm shorter than 70; males dark brown, females pale brown, 2 2(1'). Forearm about 65, =N. malaitensis=, p. 822 2'. Forearm less than 61, =N. albiventer=, p. 818 =Nyctimene albiventer= This species occurs throughout New Guinea and on many adjacent islands, including the Bismarck Archipelago and the Admiralty and Solomon islands. The species varies geographically and five subspecies are recognized. The two subspecies in the Solomons resemble _N. albiventer papuanus_, the subspecies that ranges from eastern New Guinea to New Britain. _N. albiventer bougainville_ occurs in the western chain of islands of the Solomons, whereas another subspecies, named as new beyond, occurs in the eastern chain of islands (see Fig. 12). Sexual dichromatism is striking. As Andersen (1912:690) previously reported, females generally are paler, more brownish than males, which are dark and have a better defined black dorsal stripe. =Nyctimene albiventer bougainville= Troughton 1936. _Nyctimene bougainville_ Troughton, Rec. Australian Mus., 19:349, April 7, type from Bougainville. 1954. _Nyctimene albiventer bougainville_, Laurie and Hill, List of land mammals of New Guinea, Celebes and adjacent islands, p. 46, June 30. 1953. _Nyctimene papuanus bougainville_, Pohle, Z. Säugetierk., 17:130, October 27.