_Specimens examined_ (nine males, one female; nine in alcohol, nine crania extracted and cleaned).--Bougainville in December, AM-M. 5786 (paratype); Guadalcanal in May, 23812, 23815, 23827; Kolombangara in January and February, 23369, 23381, 23388, 23406, 23444, 23456. _Measurements._--See Table 3. _Remarks._--Heretofore, _Nyctimene albiventer bougainville_ was not known from Kolombangara and Guadalcanal. The subspecies apparently ranges throughout the western chain of the Solomons. Troughton (1936:350) considered _Nyctimene bougainville_ specifically distinct from its nearest ally, _N. papuanus_. Pohle (1953:130) did not examine specimens of either kind, but on the basis of Troughton's description decided that _N. bougainville_ differed only subspecifically from _N. papuanus_. Laurie and Hill (1954:46) synonymized _bougainville_ and _papuanus_ with _N. albiventer_. However, Troughton (1936:350) pointed out that in addition to size _bougainville_ differed from _papuanus_ by having narrower and longer pm3 and pm4. Judging from specimens examined by me, such is the case, and the difference is even more pronounced in m1. Specimens of _N. a. bougainville_ from Kolombangara and Guadalcanal agree with a paratype of this subspecies from Bougainville. Geographic variation, if present in the population in the western chain of islands (see Fig. 12), is slight and not notable in the series available. Some individual variation was found, especially in the shape of the interorbital region of the skull. An adult male from Kolombangara is unusually dark, almost black; color of the other specimens (all in alcohol) is consistent according to sex. _Nyctimene albiventer_ from Choiseul and Santa Ysabel is smaller, in all respects, than _N. albiventer_ from Bougainville, Kolombangara, and Guadalcanal (see Table 3), and therefore may be named and described as follows: =Nyctimene albiventer minor=, new subspecies _Type._--Adult male, skin and skull, in good condition (originally stored in alcohol for about one year), no. BSIP 23636, Bernice P. Bishop Museum; from Choiseul Island, British Solomon Islands Protectorate; obtained on 11 March 1964, by Philip Temple, original number 1441. _Distribution._--Known only from Choiseul and Santa Ysabel islands (see Fig. 12).