=4. Expedients for Minimizing the Effect of Fire= 118 (_a_) Increasing the difficulties in the adjustment of the hostile fire 119 (_b_) Minimizing the effect of fire 120 =5. The Results Obtained by Artillery Against Various Targets= 122 French data 123 =6. The Effect of Shrapnel Bullets on Animate Targets= 125 =B. INFANTRY FIRE= 126 =1. The Effect of a Single Projectile on Animate Targets= 126 Explosive effect 127 Tumbling bullets 127 =2. The Effect of “S” Bullets on Materials= 131 =IV. THE EMPLOYMENT OF INFANTRY FIRE= 132 Stunning and exhaustive effect 132 The engagement at Modder River, Nov. 28, 1899 132 =1. Fire Discipline= 133 The employment of the bayonet; bayonet fencing 134 =2. Fire Control and Fire Direction= 134 Squad leaders 135 Company commanders 136 Uncontrolled fire 136 Russian experiences in the Far East 137 =3. Selection of the Line to be Occupied= 138 =4. The Strength of the Firing Line= 139 =5. Ascertaining Ranges= 140 Influence of the knowledge of the range upon the efficacy of the fire 140 Ascertaining ranges by pacing or galloping 141 Influence of the terrain upon the length of pace 141 Errors of estimation 142 Provisions of various regulations 143 Memorizing distinguishing marks on the enemy 144 Scaling the range from maps 144 Obtaining the range from other troops 145 Trial volleys fired for the purpose of obtaining proper sight elevation 145 Range finding instruments 146