=6. Selection of a Target and Time for Opening Fire= 147 Short or long range fire 147 Limit of long range fire 147 The moral effect of withholding the fire 151 Marshal Bugeaud’s narrative 151 Provisions of various regulations 153 General rules for opening fire in attack and defense 154 =7. Pauses in the Fire= 155 =8. Kinds of Fire= 157 Volley fire and fire at will; bursts of fire (_rafales_) 158 The rate of fire 160 The influence of the rate of fire upon the efficacy of fire 161 The volley 163 Bursts of fire (_rafales_) 164 =9. Rear Sight Elevations and Points of Aim= 165 =10. Commands= 166 =11. The Observation of the Fire= 167 =12. The Effect of Fire= 167 Comparison between losses produced by infantry and artillery fire 167 (_a_) Influence of training 168 (_b_) Influence of the error in estimating the range 170 (_c_) Fire effect as regards time. Number of rounds to be expended 172 (_d_) Additional influences affecting the accuracy of fire 173 Wolozkoi’s theory of the effect of the constant cone of misses 173 (_e_) Influence of rifle-rests in firing 178 (_f_) Influence of the ground 179 Danger space and beaten zone 179 Firing upon hill positions 183 Indirect rifle fire 184 Ricochets 185 =13. Losses In Action= 185 Losses in the various formations 186 Losses among officers 189