Egypt -- History -- To 332 B.C.; Tell el-Amarna (Egypt)
There is some evidence to suggest that Nofretete lost favor with her
husband and moved to a new palace in the northern sector of Akhetaton.
The king gave high honor to his eldest daughter Meritaton, whose
husband, Smenkhkare became his successor on the throne of Egypt. We have
no records indicating events in the earliest years of Smenkhkare’s reign
but in the third year he is known to have gone to Thebes. The reason for
the visit can only be conjectured, but it may have been a gesture to
appease the Amon priesthood which was still firmly entrenched there.
Our sources fail us again, but neither Akhenaton nor Smenkhkare are
mentioned after _ca._ 1350 B.C. Whether they died natural deaths, or
perished at the hands of assassins, can only be guessed. We are not even
sure if Smenkhkare was co-regent with his father-in-law or if Akhenaton
had died before he came to the throne. At most Smenkhkare reigned but
four years. If his trip to Thebes was made to bring about a
reconciliation with the Theban priesthood, it seems to have failed
completely.
Tutankhaton-Tutankhamon
Smenkhkare’s successor, Tutankhaton, was married to Ankhesenpaton, the
third daughter of Akhenaton and Nofretete. Under Tutankhaton the capital
was moved back to Thebes, and the Amarna revolt was at an end. His name,
meaning “the living image of Aton,” was changed to Tutankhamon, “the
living image of Amon,” and Amon was restored to his place as chief deity
of Egypt. Ankhesenpaton’s name was changed to Ankhesenpamon for the same
reason. Although Tuntankhamon was one of Egypt’s lesser kings, the
discovery of his tomb by Howard Carter in 1923 has made him the best
known Pharaoh of Egyptian history to most westerners.
Tutankhamon’s return to the worship of Amon was a conscious repudiation
of the Aton cult. He actually ascribes the calamities that befell Egypt
in the years of Akhenaton to the anger of Amon:
[Illustration: The Throne of Tutankhamon. The throne dates to the time
before Tutankhamon renounced Atonism. His name appears as Tutankhaton
in the inlay, but in the gold work where it could more easily be
altered it has been changed to Tutankhamon. The back of the throne
pictures the king and his wife under the sun disk (Aton).]
[Illustration: Tutankhamon and His God. A black granite statue depicts
the god Amon (large figure) with Pharaoh Tutankhamon, who renounced the
Aton faith of Akhenaton and returned to Thebes, the center of the Amon
priesthood.]
The temples of the gods and goddesses ... had gone to pieces. Their
shrines had become desolate and had become overgrown mounds.... The
land was topsy turvy and the gods turned their backs upon this land.
If one prayed to a god to seek counsel from him, he would never come
(at all). If one made supplication to a goddess, similarly she would
never come at all. Their hearts were hurt (?) so they destroyed that
which had been made.[59]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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