Egypt -- History -- To 332 B.C.; Tell el-Amarna (Egypt)
Following Tutankhamon’s early death we meet a story of intrigue and
international politics which involves his widow. Ankhesenpamon, fearful
of the future of herself and her country, wrote to the Hittite king,
Suppiluliumas, asking that one of his sons be sent to Egypt to become
her husband:
My husband died, and I have no son. People say that you have many
sons. If you were to send me one of your sons, he might become my
husband. I am loath to take a servant of mine and make him my
husband.[60]
The Hittite king, suspecting something amiss, sent a servant to check on
matters in Egypt. When the envoy reached Thebes, the widowed queen
asked:
Why do you say, “They may try to deceive me.” If I had a son would I
write to a foreign country in a manner which is humiliating to myself
and my country. You do not trust me and tell me such a thing. He who
was my husband died and I have no sons. Shall I perhaps take one of my
servants and make him my husband? I have not written to any other
country. I have written only to you. People say that you have many
sons. Give me one of your sons, and he is my husband and king in the
land of Egypt.[61]
Suppiluliumas was convinced of the good faith of the young widow and
sent a son to Egypt, but the young man never reached Thebes. Along the
way he was murdered by Egyptians who resented the thought of a foreigner
as their ruler. The result was a period of war between the Hittites and
Egypt. Another son of Suppiluliumas made a record of the affair:
When my father gave them (the Egyptians) one of his sons (to take over
the kingship), they killed him as they led him there. My father let
his anger run away with him; he went to war against Egypt and attacked
Egypt.[62]
The battle is not mentioned in the Egyptian annals. Probably it was
brief and indecisive, for the Hittites could not afford to throw a major
army into such a campaign. The rising power of Assyria was a threat to
Hittite control in the north, and she had to be ready to protect her
northern provinces. Had the Hittites launched a major campaign against
Egypt it is doubtful if she could have survived.
[Illustration: Horemhab. Granite statue of the commander of
Tutankhaton’s armies, later a Pharaoh in his own right.]
Eye and Horemhab
The rule of Egypt fell to the aged vizier Eye, who had been a counselor
and friend of Akhenaton. After four years Eye was succeeded by Horemhab
(_ca._ 1340-1310 B.C.), an energetic ruler who sought to restore Egypt’s
fortunes abroad and erase the memory of the Amarna revolt at home. As a
young general, Horemhab had espoused the cause of Akhenaton, but as a
Pharaoh he sought to obliterate the records of the Amarna kings with as
great enthusiasm as Akhenaton had sought to eliminate the name of Amon.
Later orthodox king lists omit the names of Akhenaton, Smenkhkare,
Tutankhamon, and Eye, placing the name of Horemhab immediately after
Amenhotep III.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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