The grand jury hear the evidence of such witnesses as they think fit, apart from counsel. Should the grand jury consider the case one for trial, they return a “true bill,” and it goes before the judge and petty jury; if not, they “cut the bill,” and the accused is discharged. Medical witnesses may be called upon, when under subpœna, to give evidence before the grand jury. The Crown Court of Assize consists of a judge and a sworn jury of twelve men, called the petty jury. The latter hear the evidence of witnesses, and are guided by the summing up of the judge. They deliver a verdict after consideration of the evidence by which the accused person is found guilty or not guilty. The judge, after receiving the verdict, allots such punishment as he considers just. In certain cases the prisoner when convicted may appeal to the Court of Criminal Appeal. In the Assize Courts only barristers can plead; in the Magistrates‘ Courts of Petty Sessions, solicitors or barristers may plead. In the Courts of Assize the witnesses are subject to the following routine of examination. First, _Examination-in-chief_: this the witness undergoes at the hands of the barrister who is pleading on behalf of the party by whom the witness is called. In this examination such questions are put to the witness as may elicit answers conveying to the judge and jury a clear account of all the witness knows with regard to the case. After the examination-in-chief, the counsel of the opposite side subjects the witness to _cross-examination_, in such a way as to shake the evidence given by the witness during his examination in chief in points which would weigh against the prospects of his client. _It is during cross-examination that a medical witness may be subjected to questions which suggest answers capable of a different interpretation from those he had previously given._ After cross-examination, the counsel for the party upon whose side the witness appears subjects the latter to _re-examination_, if he consider it necessary, during which he endeavours to clear up any doubtful points in the evidence given by the witness during cross-examination, with the purpose of eliciting an explanation of their meaning. The judge and members of the jury may put such questions to the witness as they may consider necessary. The same method of procedure applies to the higher Courts. SCOTLAND In Scotland public prosecutors are appointed by the Crown. The chief public prosecutor is the Lord-Advocate; next in rank come the Deputy-Advocates and Procurator-Fiscal. The Lord-Advocate and Deputies take charge of cases in the High Courts of Justiciary, the Procurator-Fiscal in the lower Courts.