Text-book of forensic medicine and toxicology — John Shaqi
Text-book of forensic medicine and toxicologyBuchanan, R. J. M. (Robert James McLean)
Science
Text-book of forensic medicine and toxicology
Buchanan, R. J. M. (Robert James McLean)
Medical jurisprudence; Poisons
In the case of Reg. _v._ Whitmarsh (Central Criminal Court, Sept.
19, 20, 21, 1896), 62 J.P. 680. Upon an indictment for the murder of
a woman, who died as the result of the prisoner having used certain
instruments or other means upon her with the intent to procure her
miscarriage, it was shown that an inspector of police had seen her at
Charing Cross Hospital. He asked her questions, and from her answers
he wrote down a statement. The woman signed it. On July 7 the woman
appeared to be in a dying condition, and was aware of it. She said she
feared she must die, and asked to see her mother and a clergyman. The
doctor told her that he had given up all hope, and that she might not
live to see her mother. A magistrate saw her shortly afterwards, and
read over to her the statement she made on June 29, and he affixed to
it the following note, “This statement was read over to Alice Bayley
by me, and is referred to in her dying declaration,” and signed.
_Held_ (Darling, J.), that though this statement might be admissible,
it had better not be admitted in evidence. On the same day the woman
had also made a statement to the magistrate, of which he had taken
note, but before it was finished she became exhausted. The magistrate
then took the statement of June 29, repeated portions of it to her in
his own words, wrote these down, and asked her if it was correct. He
then read the whole statement to her and she signed it. The statement
commenced, “Having the fear of death before me, and being without hope
of recovery”--concluding with the words, “And the statement I made on
the 29th of June, and have now heard read over, is true.”
Justice Darling held this statement was admissible as a dying
declaration.
In the case of Rex _v._ Smith, 65 J.P. 426 (Bruce, J., Central Criminal
Court). A magistrate and a doctor visited a dying woman for the purpose
of taking her statement. In reply to a question put to her by one of
them, she said, “I am aware that I am seriously ill.” The magistrate
asked her questions and the doctor wrote down the answers. At the trial
the statement was objected to as inadmissible as a dying declaration
on two grounds: Firstly, that the statement consists only of answers
to questions put to her by the magistrate, and so comes within the
ruling of Cave, J., in Reg. _v._ Mitchell, 17 Cox C.C. 503, that “a
declaration should be taken down in the exact words which the person
who makes it uses, in order that it may be possible from those words
to arrive precisely at what the person meant. When a statement is not
the _ipsissima verba_ of the person making it, but is composed of a
mixture of questions and answers, there are several objections open to
its reception in evidence.... In the first place, the questions may
be leading questions, and in the condition of a person making a dying
declaration there is always very great danger of leading questions
being answered without their force and effect being fully comprehended.”
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