Text-book of forensic medicine and toxicology — John Shaqi
Text-book of forensic medicine and toxicologyBuchanan, R. J. M. (Robert James McLean)
Science
Text-book of forensic medicine and toxicology
Buchanan, R. J. M. (Robert James McLean)
Medical jurisprudence; Poisons
Dupuytren and Delpech state that the tissue formed in a cicatrix is
never converted into true skin--the _rete mucosum_ when once destroyed
never being re-formed. It contains no sebaceous glands, sweat glands,
or hair follicles, and is but slightly vascular. This may account
for the white colour of ordinary cicatrices, but even to this rule
exceptions may be taken, and dark brown patches of pigment have
been known to mark the situation of old lacerated wounds. It must
be remembered also that in irregular wounds and in incised wounds
which may heal with an uneven joint, that portions of skin may become
embedded or grow into the scar tissue and give rise to difficulty in
forming an opinion. I have seen a well-defined dark coloration of the
skin continue for three months after the application of a mustard
plaster, followed at the time by desquamation.
Tattoo Marks.--With regard to tattoo marks, the question of their
disappearance gave rise to considerable discussion in the celebrated
Tichborne case. On this subject the experiments of Hutin, Tardieu,
and Casper appear to point to the fact “_that tattoo marks may become
perfectly effaced during life_,” but that after death the colouring
matter with which the marks were made may be found in the lymphatic
glands. This is especially the case when vermilion is used. The most
permanent marks are made with Indian ink, powdered charcoal, gunpowder,
washing blue or ink, and vermilion. These are given in the order of
their permanency. Hutin found that in 506 men who had been formerly
tattooed, the marks had disappeared from 47 of the number. Not only
does permanency depend upon the colouring matter used, but also upon
the depth to which it has penetrated. If superficial, it may gradually
become effaced. If the material be carried down to the papillæ, it will
remain permanent, and can only be removed in such a way as to leave a
scar. But besides the spontaneous disappearance of tattoo marks from
the lapse of time, these marks may be artificially removed, and in such
a manner as to prevent the possibility of a definite opinion being
given as to their primary character. The presence of a scar in the
situation of a well-known tattoo mark is suspicious. Thus, the Claimant
had a scar on a part where it was sworn that Arthur Orton had been
tattooed. The application of strong acetic acid, potash, hydrochloric
acid and glycerole of papain appears to be the means adopted for the
removal of tattoo marks. Efforts are made to remove superficial tattoo
marks by removing the particles with needles. Tattoo marks according to
their position and design are useful evidence of identification.
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