twelve or twenty-four hours after the cessation of the morbific cause. A rise of 10° or 12° above the normal standard is usually promptly fatal. A continued high temperature indicates persistent disease, and a considerable rise during defervescence implies a relapse and in the absence of any error in diet or nursing is grave. =Pulse.= Before the introduction of the clinical thermometer, the indications furnished by the pulse were held to be of the highest value. Though largely superseded by the usually more reliable thermometer, yet they should not be discarded, but employed as symptoms corroborative of the thermometric indications. In many cases the pulse will furnish criteria, when in the absence of fever, the heat of the body will tell of nothing amiss. This is especially true of diseases of the heart, the large blood vessels, and of the nervous system, and in cases of poisoning. For special indications furnished by the pulse, see diseases of the heart. =Respirations.= The morbid activity or inactivity of the respiration, its modified rythm, the pathological significance of the altered breathing sounds and of the superadded sounds, the indications furnished by percussion, palpation, mensuration, succussion, sneezing, snorting, yawning, cough, moan, grunt, stertor, discharge, etc., afford material of inestimable value to the diagnostician. See under diseases of the chest. =Skin Symptoms.= The erection of the hair of carnivora in rage or fear implies a profound nervous disturbance, and a similar erection (staring coat) in the larger herbivora especially, implies a corresponding nervous disorder, due however to a different cause. The pallor and coldness of (white) skin and extremities the retrocession of blood toward the internal organs, the contraction of the involuntary muscles of the hair bulbs, the sense of cold, and the actual shivering all come from the fundamental nervous disorder. The loss of lustre and gloss in the hair and the dryness, rigidity and mobility (mellowness) of the skin imply lack of nutrition. The mellow feeling of the skin under the pressure of the finger, soft and yielding by reason of the lax connection tissue and fatty layer in the thrifty animal, is in marked contrast with the dry, hard, tough, unyielding hide firmly adherent to the parts beneath (hidebound), which denotes the unhealthy or unthrifty animal, or from the thin, attenuated, mobile, bloodless skin of the debilitated subject, the victim of lung, liver, or intestinal worms. In sheep in parallel conditions there is a lack of _yolk_ in the wool, which is dry, lustreless and brittle and often flattened (clapped) on the skin. In fowls ruffling of the plumage indicates the nervous disorder and chill. The skin may be scurfy in conditions of low health or in connection with the presence of vegetable or animal parasites. Ringworm has excessive scurf, and tends usually to a circular form, and to complete shedding of the hair from the spots. The hairs split up