Reynal further assures us that plethora is a common cause of hæmaturia in cattle. “Under the prolonged influence of a very assimilable diet, the blood becomes more plastic, circulates with difficulty in the capillaries, and may even rupture them, with a resulting capillary renal hæmorrhage, and bloody urine.” He further intimates that this occurs especially in spring after the animals have been turned out on very rich pastures, and that in Normandy certain pastures of unusual richness are notorious for producing hæmaturia. Apart from the fact that the rich grasses of spring produce at first intestinal congestion, and diarrhœa, with consequent disorder of the liver and kidneys, this spring affection on particular pastures suggests some special poison in the pasture as the unknown cause of the disease. In all forms alike of this affection the nature of the soil appears to have a preponderating influence. It is the disease of the woods, and waste lands, of damp and undrained lands, of dense clays, of lands underlaid by clay or hard pan, of lands rich in vegetable humus, or vegetable moulds the decomposition of which has been hastened by the application of quicklime. Pottier, Salomé, Wiener, and Reynal especially testify to the prevalence of hæmaturia on soils that are either dense and impermeable, or that have a subsoil of clay or hardpan. The disease has not been traced to any definite microbe nor toxin, but there is much to suggest the necessity for inquiry in that line. The special susceptibility of animals that may be plethoric on the one hand, or in low condition on the other, would be entirely in keeping with such a view, as the debility or derangement of health would lay the system open to attack. _Symptoms._ In the plethoric animal there are congested mucosæ, full, strong pulse, forcible heartbeats, full veins, accelerated breathing, colicy pains, dullness, straining frequently and the discharge of thick, red or bloody urine. If from irritant buds and shoots, or plants, there is more depression, weakness, fever, dry skin, staring coat, coldness of the surface, tremblings, stiffness or weakness of the hind limbs, diarrhœa, followed by constipation, frequent straining and the passage of colored urine with pain. In violent cases the expulsion of bloody urine may be excessive, and the cow may die in 24 hours. From irritant plants however the quantity of urine is liable to be small, but frequently passed.