_Causes._ In cattle this malady is largely traceable to the same causes as in the horse, and is very often but a complication of some other affection. The renal congestion of infectious diseases is seen in the advanced stages of lung plague, in anthrax, in malignant catarrh, in hæmoglobinæmia, and implies an accumulation of irritant toxins in the system. The abuse of diuretics, the ingestion of acrid diuretic plants, including the early shoots of the coniferæ, the introduction through any channel of cantharides or potato beetles, the drinking of stagnant water charged with deleterious fermentation products, the consumption of musty or spoiled fodder, and the sudden change to the succulent grasses of spring, operate as in the horse. So it is with cutaneous chills, cold stone floors, cold wet storms, draughts and dropping from a leaky roof. The shedding of the coat in spring is an undoubted predisposing cause. Cattle in the swill stables of breweries and distilleries are the subjects of a constant renal congestion and polyuria, which, however, does not prevent rapid fattening. This diet, however, unfits the animal for a future vigorous life, and any concurrent injurious influence may easily bring on active kidney disease. _Lesions._ There is redness and swelling of the kidney, it may be to two or three times its normal size, the enlargement being especially referable to the cortical portion, which may be mottled in different shades of red up to black extravasations. The lack of firmness in its connection with its sheath, and the softening and friability of the parenchyma resemble the same conditions in the horse. The urine may be clear or more or less tinged with blood, and contains blood globules, albumen, and crystals of carbonate of lime and urate of ammonia, which seem to indicate the presence of a bacterial ferment. _Symptoms._ The patient usually shows some indication of chill, with staring coat and arched back, which is very sensitive to pinching. There is impairment of rumination and appetite, decrease of milk in dairy cows, uneasy movements of the hind limbs and tail, frequent straining to urinate, and the passage of urine often in small amount and sometimes of a pink or reddish tinge. In bad cases this may become deep red, or black, and the pulse becomes weak, with palpitations, marked muscular weakness and a tendency to lie down most of the time. With early improvement recovery may be complete in from four to six days. In the more severe and fatal cases death may occur as early as the sixth day. Unless under the influence of violent irritants or a persistence of the original poison the prognosis is favorable.