Interpretation statistically of one thousand possible elements, simply viewed as present or absent, and again simply viewed only as combinations and not permutations, would mean that the less the intelligence the more specific the inheritance. The most intelligent man alive could, by what he is born with, do anything since he has all of the one thousand factors, all of which help him in the prosecution of any venture. But the fewer elements he has the less well he does most things, and when lacking certain elements he has lost the capacity to do some things more completely than others. (I have neglected physiological characteristics necessary to an ability. A deaf man certainly is handicapped in music. I speak of _possible_ mental capacities.) Such a view leaves scope for some degree of special abilities. It accounts for the idiot-savants, it accounts for the cases where genius is diverse as well as where it is not though it would demand that specialized genius be very rare and that inherited specialization be much rarer in the upper than in the lower reaches of intelligence. It allows for such cases as Galileo, whose father was a composer, as well as the cases cited by Galton. Heredity need not imply the same kind of genius though it does suggest it, whereas the environment backs up this inherited implication. We further can here absolutely resent an inheritance of such things as ability in the common school subjects without being involved in a view to deny the inheritance of a predisposition to mechanical rather than musical successes. Observation of brilliant children would corroborate this view. They can do anything. Observation of the mentally deficient is equally encouraging to this view. It has always been puzzling that they seem to do a few things much better than others. According to this conception there would be a negative correlation between intelligence and specialized inheritance. We will then consider each inherited element, not as music or as science, but rather as an element of intelligence which will help in all lines of work, but which may be a little more necessary for some than others. This is a predisposition in a true sense. If a man had only one element out of one thousand, he could do only a few things. If he had all thousand he could do everything. Inheritance of ability is not in terms of units valuable to us socially, but only in terms of undefined nervous elements; and we may conceive of specialization, and still hold that there be less, the more intelligent a man is.