The American Encyclopedia of History, Biography and Travel: Comprising Ancient and Modern History: the Biography of Eminent Men of Europe and America, and the Lives of Distinguished Travelers.Prescott, Thomas H.
History
The American Encyclopedia of History, Biography and Travel: Comprising Ancient and Modern History: the Biography of Eminent Men of Europe and America, and the Lives of Distinguished Travelers.
Prescott, Thomas H.
Biography; World history
This one incomprehensible Being, whom the Hindoos designate by the
mystical names _Om_, _Tut_, and _Jut_, and sometimes also by the word
_Brahm_, is declared by the Vedas to be the only proper object of
worship. Only a very few persons of extraordinary gifts and virtues,
however, are able, it is said, to adore the Supreme Being――the great
OM――directly. The great majority of mankind are neither so wise nor so
holy as to be able to approach the Divine Being himself, and worship
him. It being alleged that persons thus unfortunately disqualified for
adoring the invisible Deity should employ their minds upon some
visible thing, rather than to suffer them to remain idle, the Vedas
direct them to worship a number of inferior deities, representing
particular acts or qualities of the Supreme Being; as, for instances,
Crishnu or Vishnu, the god of preservation; Muhadev, the god of
destruction; or the sun, or the air, or the sea, or the human
understanding; or, in fact any object or thing which they may choose
to represent as God. Seeing, say the Hindoos, that God pervades and
animates the whole universe, everything, living or dead, may be
considered a portion of God, and as such, it may be selected as an
object of worship, provided always it be worshiped only as
constituting a portion of the Divine Substance. In this way, whatever
the eye looks on, or the mind can conceive, whether it be the sun in
the heavens or the great river Ganges, or the crocodile on its banks,
or the cow, or the fire kindled to cook food, or the Vedas, or a
Brahmin, or a tree, or a serpent――all may be legitimately worshiped as
a fragment, so to speak, of the Divine Spirit. Thus there may be many
millions of gods to which Hindoos think themselves entitled to pay
divine honours. The number of Hindoo gods is calculated at
330,000,000, or about three times the number of their worshipers.
Of these, the three principal deities of the Hindoos are Brahma the
creator, Vishnu the preserver, and Seeb or Siva the destroyer. These
three of course, were originally intended to represent the three great
attributes of the Om or Invisible Supreme Being――namely, his creating,
his preserving, and his destroying attributes. Indeed the name OM
itself is a compound word, expressing the three ideas of creation,
preservation, and destruction, all combined. The three together are
called _Trimurti_, and there are certain occasions when the three are
worshiped conjointly. There are also sculptured representations of the
Trimurti, in which the busts of Brahma, Vishnu, and Siva are cut out
of the same mass of stone. One of these images of the Trimurti is
found in the celebrated cavern temple of Elephanta, in the
neighborhood of Bombay, perhaps the most wonderful remnant of ancient
Indian architecture. Vishnu and Siva are more worshipped separately
than Brahma――each having his body of devotees specially attached to
him in particular.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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