The American Indian as Slaveholder and Seccessionist: An Omitted Chapter in the Diplomatic History of the Southern ConfederacyAbel, Annie Heloise
History
The American Indian as Slaveholder and Seccessionist: An Omitted Chapter in the Diplomatic History of the Southern Confederacy
Abel, Annie Heloise
Indian Territory; Slavery -- United States; United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865
On the morning of the 13th, hearing that the Creeks (or Maskokys) and
Cherokees were in council at the Creek agency, on the Arkansas River,
140 miles distant, we immediately set out for that point, hoping to
reach them before their adjournment. In this we were disappointed.
They had adjourned two days before our arrival. We reached that point
on Saturday evening. On Sunday morning, hearing that there was a
religious meeting five miles north of the Arkansas River, in the Creek
Nation, Mr. James E. Harrison attended, which proved to be of the
utmost importance to our mission. The Reverend Mr. H. S. Buckner was
present, with Chilly McIntosh, D. N. McIntosh, Judge Marshall, and
others, examining a translation of a portion of the Scriptures, hymn
book, and Greek grammar by Mr. Buckner into the Creek language. Mr.
Buckner showed us great kindness, and did us eminent service, as did
also Elder Vandiven, at whose house we spent the night and portion of
the next day with these gentlemen of the Creek Nation, and through
them succeeded in having a convention of the five nations called by
Governor Motey Kinnaird, of the Creeks, to meet at North Fork (Creek
Nation) on the 8th of April.
In the intermediate time we visited the Cherokee Nation, calling on
their principal men and citizens, conversing with them freely until
we reached Tahlequah, the seat of government. Near this place Mr. John
Ross resides, the Governor of the nation. We called on him officially.
We were not unexpected, and were received with courtesy, but not with
cordiality. A long conference was had with him, conducted by Mr.
Harrison on the part of the commissioners, without, we fear, any good
result. He was very diplomatic and cautious. His position is the same
as that held by Mr. Lincoln in his inaugural; declares the Union not
dissolved; ignores the Southern Government. The intelligence of the
nation is not with him. Four-fifths, at least, are against his views,
as we learned from observation and good authorities. He, as we
learned, had been urged by his people to call a council of the nation
(he having the only constitutional authority to do so), to take into
consideration the embarrassed condition of political affairs in the
States, and to give some expression of their sentiments and
sympathies. This he has persistently refused to do. His position in
this is that of Sam. Houston in Texas, and in all probability will
share the same fate, if not a worse one. His people are already
oppressed by a Northern population letting a portion of territory
purchased by them from the United States, to the exclusion of natives,
and we are creditably informed that the Governors of some two or more
of the Western free-soil States have recommended their people
emigrating to settle the Cherokee country. It is due Mr. John Ross, in
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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