[29] /Glode/ once enjoyed a certain respectability in America. It occurs in the /Knickerbocker Magazine/ for April, 1856. [30] /Hanged/ is never heard. [31] /Het/ is incomplete without the addition of /up/. "He was /het up/" is always heard, not "he was /het/." [32] Always so pronounced. See p. 236. [33] See pp. 57 and 202. [34] Always used in place of /rinse/. [35] Always used in place of /roil/. [36] /Sot/ is heard as a localism only. [37] See /set/, which is used almost invariably in place of /sit/. [38] /Thunk/ is never used seriously; it always shows humorous intent. [39] See pp. 201 and 211. [40] /Cf./ Lounsbury: History of the English Language, pp. 309-10. [41] English As We Speak It In Ireland, p. 77. [42] The Science of Language, vol. i, p. 166. [43] The last stand of the distinct /-ed/ was made in Addison's day. He was in favor of retaining it, and in the /Spectator/ for Aug. 4, 1711, he protested against obliterating the syllable in the termination "of our praeter perfect tense, as in these words, /drown'd/, /walk'd/, /arriv'd/, for /drowned/, /walked/, /arrived/, which has very much disfigured the tongue, and turned a tenth part of our smoothest words into so many clusters of consonants." [44] A New English Grammar, pt. i, p. 380. [45] History of the English Language, p. 398. [46] And still more often as an adjective, as in "it was a /boughten/ dress." [47] You Know Me Al, p. 180; see also p. 122. [48] /Cf./ Lounsbury: History of the English Language, pp. 393 /et seq./ [49] Remark of a policeman talking to another. What he actually said was "before the Elks was /c'm 'ere/." /Come/ and /here/ were one word, approximately /cmear/. The context showed that he meant to use the past perfect tense. [50] These examples are from Lardner's story, A New Busher Breaks In, in You Know Me Al, pp. 122 /et seq./ [51] You Know Me Al, /op. cit./, p. 124. [52] The Making of English, p. 53. [53] /Cf./ /Dialect Notes/, vol. iii, pt. i, p. 59; /ibid./, vol. III, pt. iv, p. 283. [54] Henry Bradley, in The Making of English, pp. 54-5: "In the parts of England which were largely inhabited by Danes the native pronouns (/i. e./, /heo/, /his/, /heom/ and /heora/) were supplanted by the Scandinavian pronouns which are represented by the modern /she/, /they/, /them/ and /their/." This substitution, at first dialectical, gradually spread to the whole language. [55] /Cf./ Sweet: A New English Grammar, pt. i, p. 344, par. 1096. [56] Before a noun beginning with a vowel /thine/ and /mine/ are commonly substituted for /thy/ and /my/, as in "/thine/ eyes" and "/mine/ infirmity." But this is solely for the sake of euphony. There is no compensatory use of /my/ and /thy/ in the absolute. [57] The Making of English, p. 58. [58] /Cf./ The Dialect of Southeastern Missouri, by D. S. Crumb, /Dialect Notes/, vol. ii, pt. iv, 1903, p. 337.