The Analogy of Religion to the Constitution and Course of Nature: To which are added two brief dissertations: I. On personal identity. II. On the nature of virtue.Butler, Joseph
Religion
The Analogy of Religion to the Constitution and Course of Nature: To which are added two brief dissertations: I. On personal identity. II. On the nature of virtue.
Butler, Joseph
Analogy (Religion); Apologetics -- Early works to 1800; Eschatology; Natural theology; Revelation
1.) In the diseases alluded to, persons have their reflective
power, in full, the very moment before death.
2.) Now, why should a disease, at a certain degree, utterly
destroy powers which were not even affected by it, up to that
point?
=3.= That death at least _suspends_ our reflective powers,
or interrupts our continuing to exist in the like state of
reflection which we do now.
_Ans._ There appears so little connection between our powers of
sensation and our powers of reflection that we cannot presume
that what might _destroy the former_, could even _suspend the
latter_.
1.) We daily see reason, memory, &c. exercised without any
assistance, that we know of, from our bodies.
2.) Seeing them in lively exercise to the last, we must infer
that death is not a discontinuance of their exercise, nor of
the enjoyments and sufferings of such exercise.
3.) Our posthumous life may be but a going on, with
additions. Like the change at our birth--which produced not
a suspension of the faculties we had before, nor a _total_
change in our state of life; but a continuance of both, with
great alterations.
4.) Death may but at once put us into a _higher_ state of
life, as our birth did; our relation to bodily organs may be
the only hinderance to our entering a higher condition of the
reflective powers.
5.) Were we even sure that death would suspend our
intellectual powers, it would not furnish even the lowest
probability that it would destroy them.
_Objec._ From the analogy of plants.
_Ans._ This furnishes poets with apt illustrations of our
frailty, but affords no proper analogy. Plants are destitute
of perception and action, and this is the very matter in
question.
REMARKS.
=1.= It has been shown, that confining ourselves to what we
know, we see no probability of ever ceasing to be:--it cannot be
concluded from the reason of the thing:--nor from the analogy of
nature.
=2.= We are therefore to go upon the belief of a future existence.
=3.= Our going into _new scenes_ and conditions, is just as
natural as our coming into the world.
=4.= Our condition may naturally be a social one.
=5.= The advantages of it may naturally be bestowed, according to
some fixed law, in proportion to one’s degrees in virtue.
1.) Perhaps not so much as now _by society_; but by God’s more
immediate action.
2.) Yet this will be no less _natural_, _i.e._ stated, fixed,
or settled.
3.) Our notions of what is natural, are enlarged by greater
knowledge of God and his works.
4.) There may be some beings in the world, to whom the whole
of Christianity is as natural as the visible course of nature
seems to us.
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